Concept of Inflation Essay Example

Concept of Inflation Essay What is causing Inflation? Inflation is the rise in prices which occurs when the demand for goods and services exceeds their available supply. In simpler terms, inflation is a situation where too much money chases too few goods. In India, the wholesale price index (WPI), which was the main measure of the inflation rate consisted of three main components primary articles, which included food articles, constituting 22% of the index; fuel, constituting 14% of the index; and manufactured goods, which accounted for the remaining 64% of the index. For purposes of analysis and to measure more accurately the price levels for different sections of society and as well for different regions, the RBI also kept track of consumer price indices. The average annual GDP growth in the 2000s was about 6% and during the second quarter (July- September) of fiscal 2006-2007, the growth rate was as high as 9. 2%. All this growth was bound to lead to higher demand for goods. However, the growth in the supply of goods, especially food articles such as wheat and pulses, did not keep pace with the growth in demand. As a result, the prices of food articles increased. We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Inflation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Inflation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Inflation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to Subir Gokarn, Executive Director and Chief Economist, CRISIL, The inflationary pressures have been particularly acute this time due to supply side constraints [of food articles] which are a combination of temporary and structural factors. Measures Taken In late 2006 and early 2007, the RBI announced some measures to control inflation. These measures included increasing repo rates, the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and reducing the rate of interest on cash deposited by banks with the RBI. With the increase in the repo rates and bank rates, banks had to pay a higher interest rate for the money they borrowed from the RBI. Consequently, the banks increased the rate at which they lent to their customers. The increase in the CRR reduced the money supply in the system because banks now had to keep more money as reserves. On December 08, 2006, the RBI again increased the CRR by 50 basis points to 5. 5%. On January 31, 2007, the RBI increased the repo rate by 25 basis points to 7. 5% Some Perspectives The RBIs and the governments response to the inflation witnessed in 2006-07 was said to be based on traditional anti-inflation measures. However, some economists argued that the steps taken by the government to control inflation were not enough Outlook Several analysts were of the view that the RBI could have handled the 2006-07 inflation without tinkering with the interest rates, which according to them could slow down economic growth. Others believed that high inflation was often seen by investors as a sign of economic mismanagement and sustained high inflation would affect investor confidence in the economy. However, the inflation rate in emerging economies was usually higher than developed economies Knowing Inflation†¦ By inflation one generally means rise in prices. To be more correct inflation is persistent rise in the general price level rather than a once-for-all rise in it, while deflation is persistent falling price. A situation is described as inflationary when either the prices or the supply of money are rising, but in practice both will rise together. These days economies of all countries whether underdeveloped, developing as well developed suffers from inflation. Inflation or persistent rising prices are major problem today in world. Because of many reasons, first, the rate of inflation these years are much high than experienced earlier periods. Second, Inflation in these years coexists with high rate of unemployment, which is a new phenomenon and made it difficult to control inflation. An inflationary situation is where there is too much money chasing too few goods. As products/services are scarce in relation to the money available in the hands of buyers, prices of the products/services rise to adjust for the larger quantum of money chasing them. As someone once said, Inflation is when you pay Rs. 15 for a Rs. 10 haircut you used to get for Rs. 5 when you had hair. Inflation in Indian Context†¦ Inflation is no stranger to the Indian economy. The Indian economy has been registering stupendous growth after the liberalization of Indian economy. In fact, till the early nineties Indians were used to ignore inflation. But, since the mid-nineties controlling inflation has become a priority. The natural fallout of this has been that we, as a nation, have become virtually intolerant to inflation. The opening up of the Indian economy in the early 1990s had increased Indias industrial output and consequently has raised the India Inflation Rate. While inflation was primarily caused by domestic factors (supply usually was unable to meet demand, resulting in the classical definition of inflation of too much money chasing too few goods), today the situation has changed significantly. Inflation today is caused more by global rather than by domestic factors. Naturally, as the Indian economy undergoes structural changes, the causes of domestic inflation too have undergone tectonic changes. The main cause of rise in the rate of inflation rate in India is the pricing disparity of agricultural products between the producer and consumers in the Indian market. Moreover, the sky- rocketing of prices of food products, manufacturing products, and essential commodities have also catapulted the inflation rate in India. Furthermore, the unstable international crude oil prices have worsened the situation. Defining causes of Inflation†¦ What exactly is the nature of this inflation which has the nation in its grip? The different causes of inflation which are experienced in Indian economy in a large proportion would be:- Demand-pull inflation: This is basically when the aggregate demand in an economy exceeds the aggregate supply. It is also defined as `too much money chasing too few goods. Bare-boned, it means that a country is capable of producing only 100 items but the demand is for 105 items. Its a very simple demand-supply issue. The more demand there is, the costlier it becomes. Much the same as the way real estate in the country is rising. Cost-push inflation: This is caused when there is a supply shock. This represents the condition where, even though there is no increase in Aggregate Demand, prices may still rise. I. e. non availability of a commodity would lead to increase in prices. This may happen if the costs of especially wage cost rise. Imported Inflation: This is inflation due to increases in the prices of imports. Increases in the prices of imported final products directly affect any expenditure-based measure of inflation. They play an important role in driving the rise in domestic prices. The rise in the global prices of crude oil and agricultural commodities, including food grains, and industrial products, and setbacks to global economy resulting from sub-prime mortgage disaster and US recession have contributed to India’s inflation. Other Causes: ?When the government of a country print money in excess, prices increase to keep up with the increase in currency, leading to inflation. ?Increase in production and labor costs, have a direct impact on the price of the final product, resulting in inflation. ?When countries borrow money, they have to cope with the interest burden. This interest burden results in inflation. ?High taxes on consumer products, can also lead to inflation. An increase in indirect taxes can also lead to increased production costs. ?Inflation can artificially be created through a circular increase in wage earners demands and then the subsequent increase in producer costs which will drive up the prices of their goods and services. This will then translate back into higher prices for the wage earners or consumers. As demands go higher from each side, inflation will continue to rise. ?Debt, war and other issues that cause a drastic financial blunder can also cause the inflation.

Heideggers Gestell essays

Heidegger's Gestell essays In his essay, The Question Concerning Technology, Heidegger describes the problem with man and his Being in dealing with his technology. In reference to his works before this, Being here refers to the ideal self that a person is meant to pursue from his birth, and it is the state upon which we will be able to obtain ultimate satisfaction. For Heidegger, technology tends to diverge man from achieving his real Being. Heidegger first said that technology is defined for us as a way of means, but this is not essentially complete. He said that we need to know also the essence of technology. According to him, technology is not equivalent to the essence of technology. (Heidegger, p. 7) Technology, in our view, is an object, or a complex of objects and techniques, that seems passive itself. We conceive of it as activated by us only. According to Heidegger, however, we are fundamentally mistaken in this; "we are delivered over to it in the worst possible way when we regard it as something neu tral." (Heidegger, p. 4) The essence of technology is that it is something upon which humans themselves are formed and structured because we continue to depend too much on it. The problem, which he termed as Gestell, translated as enframing, means the gathering together of that setting-upon which sets upon man, i.e., challenges him forth, to reveal the real, the mode of ordering, as standing-reserve." (Heidegger, p. 20) But, "where Enframing reigns, there is danger in the highest sense." (Heidegger, p. 28) To understand this concept of Enframing, Heidegger showed us that technology is a process, which is present in the world and has great scope. It is something that has been shaping our destiny for as long as we can recall. This technology that we think is a neutral instrument that we humans are in control of is an illusion. We may think we are in control of technology but the truth is that technolog...

Being read to Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Being read to - Essay Example Alberto Manguel in his Chapter â€Å"Being Read To† as contained in his book â€Å"A History of Reading† revisits the common and often contradictory subject of reading on behalf of someone. He carefully looks into this issue analytically giving the readers a historical framework on the origin of the subject, quite in line with his title â€Å"A History of Reading† perhaps as a means of justifying his perspective and pure love of writing and reading. Above all, I agree with Page’s arguments that Manguel’s writing tackles each of its chapters using a freestanding approach that carefully selects on topics in the â€Å" A History of Reading† thereby bringing on a new approach to how reading approaches have conventionally been taught overtime, and peoples approach to reading both in private and public sphere, and what has been popularly referred to as reading as a metaphor, offering a relation what is conventionally being heard to that information which is read over time as has been exposed in his controversial chapter â€Å"Being Read To† (Page). Alberto Manguel’s â€Å"History of the Reading† is an interesting historical writing that combines a rich collection of learned knowledge and pleasure rather than mere reading. This informative reading takes on a different approach than to book organization, adopting what I may call a digressive route which does not have a conventional beginning to proceed logically as some would expect of a ‘historical’ writing (Manguel; Bell). According to Manguel, he takes on the approach that there is no universal governing law operating in this situation, though there seems to be a outstanding concept that repeats itself in a variety of forms. To this far, this writing as advanced by Manguel calls for what can be strongly referred to as privilege of the reader. The reader’s thoughts can therefore contribute in changing the book into more like a message that makes sense for his

Contemporary management systems research report Assignment

Contemporary management systems research report - Assignment Example The domain of internal and external factors for Virgin Airways would be discussed using the PEST and SWOT analysis respectively so as to give a more explicit insight into the influencing factors for the company. Political – Legal Impacts: In terms of the political scenario, it can be seen that the liberal policy environment along with the airline industry deregulation has served as a major factor boosting competition in the industry and encouraging new entrants in the market. Economic Impacts: The economic turmoil following the events of 9/11 and SARS has put the airline industry in a challenging environment. Along with that, the rising prices of fuel have increased the basic costs of flights while the consumer base on the other hand is reluctant to spend money in times of rising inflation. Socio-Cultural Impacts: In this context, the challenge is to get an adequate labour force for the operations from the tight labour markets especially for operations requiring skilled labour, which is quite essential for the airline industry. Technological Impacts: The rapidly changing advancement in technology has led to the creation of knowledge dependent global industries. The biggest challenge today for all companies is to keep pace with these advancements and talking in context of Virgin Airways; they would have to upgrade their operations and aircrafts to achieve better economies of scale in these testing times. Strengths: The greatest strength that Virgin Airways has is that of a strong supporting structure in form of the Virgin Group. Along with that, the company has well established itself as a well-recognized brand in the market that it serves as a low cost, no-frills travelling service provider capitalizing perfectly on the need of the time. Weaknesses: On the downside, Virgin Airways is faced with strong competition from Qantas Airlines that follows a more or less similar business model. Hence, the

Litterature review on Vitamin D levels in infants in Afghanistan Dissertation

Litterature review on Vitamin D levels in infants in Afghanistan - Dissertation Example Vitamin D deficiency is widespread with more than one billion people having insufficient circulatory levelsiv. Vitamin D is essential for maintaining adequate extracellular calcium and phosphate ion concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone and prevent hypocalcemic tetany. It influences calcium levels throug promotion of its absorption in the intestine, through direct effects on bones and also through its effects on parathyroid hormone. It is also needed for bone remodeling and bone growth by osteoclasts and osteoblasts vvi. If levels are low, hypovitamin D presents as a subclinical condition with latent manifestations of disease, bones can become thin, brittle, or misshapen. This often presents as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adultsvii. A high prevalence of childhood vitamin D deficiency exists in several developing countries (in such temperate regions similar in climate to Afghanistan) with abundant sunlight: Turkeyviii, Iranix, Saudi Arabiax, Indiaxi, China xii, Mongoliaxiii, Algeriaxiv and Nigeriaxv. The main source of vitamin D is obtained through Ultraviolet radiation on 7-dehydocholesterol in the skin. Small amounts can also be absorbed from dietary sources. It has been suggested that cultural practices, dark skin color, hot climates, lower calcium content in diets and lack of Vitamin D fortification in foods help explain the low vitamin D levelsxvi. In Afghanistan, exposure of women to sunlight is limited due to widespread use of Burqas. In children the extent to which they are covered and their exposure to sunshine and whether this correlates to vitamin D levels has not been investigated. In our project, we propose to analyze the data obtained from a randomized control trial on an infant population in Kabul, Afghanistan. We will attempt to quantify the amount of sun exposure, analyze it in relation to various socioeconomic factors and try to establish – in children who live in these climates - whether there is an associati on with Vitamin D deficiency. The current adult recommendation for Vitamin D is 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between 200 and 600 IU/d, but this level is currently controversial considering that a fifteen-minute whole-body exposure to summer sun will lead to 20,000 IU vitamin D-3 released into the body[1]. Optimal serum concentrations are variable based on study results, but one generally agreed-upon figured is approximately 75 nmol/l, although this varies according to individual characteristics [2]. Anther study suggests that an optimal level for adults is 25(OH)D ? 80 nmol or 32 Â µg/L, based on biomarkers that react to levels of vitamin D in the body[1]. Other studies agree with the figure of 75-80 nmol/L being required for optimal bone health, although this research was done in older white adults living in Europe and the United States and may therefore differ from levels in other racial and age groups [3]. Such results may not be applicable to the determination of healthy levels i n children or in those of other racial groups such as the people in Afghanistan. These results may also be affected by the variation in diet between these cultures, as the United States and Europe encourage higher levels of calcium in the diet. There are also suggestions that the types of vitamin D that are obtained through oral ingestion are not metabolically identical to those obtained through cutaneous synthesis, which requires sun exposure [2]. There is a lack of current studies relating vitamin D levels to health in any group

Aphras Behns Oroonoko | Analysis

Aphras Behns Oroonoko | Analysis Aphras Behns Oroonoko tends to focus on the treatment of slavery and race, particularly Behns granting of heroic stature to an African prince (Pacheco 1). This highlights the notion of kinship, and reference to a legitimate monarch. Behns novella of an African slave who was once a king was published in 1688, the year that saw the bloodless deposition of King James II in England. This essay will try and explore and analyse the connections between matters of race and kingship in the novella. In his article George Guffey challenged such readings by asserting that the significance of Behns hero resides not in his African origins but in his royal blood, his enslavement, (Lore Metzger 3) according to Guffey, this presents a mirror image of the imminent deposition of the legitimate monarch, James II. One could interpret this as Behn, representing hierarchical principles, creating a royalist ideology; this is shown in Behns series of references to the execution of Charles I, this creates linkages to Oroonokos linear as a prince executed by racist men, inferior in hierarchy. The nostalgic imprint of the old order demonstrates the split in English culture caused by the civil wars aftermath; this notion of kingship is shown in Oroonoko when captors name him Caesar. The narrator and Oroonoko- Caesar have both received European educations, as Todd suggests accorded to privileged white men; both are victims and beneficiaries of socioeconomic systems that discriminate kings from commoners supporting the privileges of the nobility with profits of the slave- trade. Oroonoko is described as having captured and sold black slaves in African wars before he was himself enslaved by a Christian. The narrator not only belongs to a slave owning class but clearly supports the nationalistic colonising enterprise which fuelled and depended on the African Slave trade (Todd, 218). Behn uses lush description of gold-prospecting (45) to suggest desirability- in 1688, on the eve of William of Oranges accession to the British throne- Behn suggests tis bemoaned what his majesty lost by losing that part of America'(59). The narrator and a hero who are both victims of the slave trade, and by comparing both characters at different moments, to the Indians, Behn provides a perspective on the Conquest of America ( Todd 219) showing notions of imperialism and kingship. The renaming of slaves can be seen as destroying identity, slaves were renamed as soon as they arrived in foreign lands, removing identity and thus Oroonokos kingship, however one could argue the name Caesar given to the character still denotes kinship and creates a certain amount of respect. Throughout the narrative a kind of royalist discourse pervades Behns story of a prince who is beloved like a Deity (29). After Oroonoko is sold into slavery in Surinam, Behn foregrounds the royalist myth (Anita Dacheco). Trefy, who buys Oroonoko, knows he is no ordinary slave, he is at first richly dressed, according to his social position, he cannot hide the: Graces of his looks and Mein The Royal Youth appeard in spight of the slave, even by those who yet knew not that he was a prince ( p.39) Even though disguised, authority shines through, this is clearly shown when Oroonoko reaches the plantation, the response of the slaves to his presence make significance of his royal status clear: Live, O king, Long live, O king! And kissing his feet, paid him Divine Homage (41) The slaves worship Oroonoko as a god, as Pacheo emphasises It would be hard to imagine a more radical vindication, of the royal prerogative meaning the slaves serve as a function, a literary function, to solidify the rightness and sanctity of royal power. Trefry even reflects happily that Oroonokos Grandeur is confirmed by the Adoration of all the slaves (41). The royalist discourse essentially portrays royal power as a natural law, with divine purpose, residing the blood of the royal line. The text seeks to reinforce its royalist ideology with ruling class values, this can be seen by Oroonokos education, the emphasise on training as Pacheo mentions Oroonoko as a European aristocrat, with privileges European upper class-culture, the men who contribute to Oroonokos education are gentlemen such as Trefry, a person of great wit, and fine learning (38). The novella written at a time of great intense upheaval in social power relations, endorses the elitist values of the ruling class, va lidating the authority not only for the monarchy, but also of the upper classes that clutter around the throne, allied to it through a shared interest in preserving the distinction of hereditary power (496), SOMETHING SHOULD GO HERE. The matters of race are questioned in Oroonokos beloved, whom the English rename Clemene. As Todd suggests Imoinda is doubly enslaved- to the whites, male and female'(219) one could suggest even to her black husband. In contrast to the narrator, who stands in relation Oroonoko, as queen or Petraarchan lady-lord to a vassal- a Great mistress (46). As Todd states Imoinda is an uncanny amalgam of European ideals of European fantasties about wives of Oriental despots, she is therefore an image of ideal that race cannot challenge. Race is shown Behns portrait of her African prince, of both his physical appearance and his character, is profoundly Eurocentric: His face was not of that brown rusty Black, His nose was rising and roman, instead of African and flat, His mouth the finest shaped that could be seen: far from those great turned lips, which are so natural to the rest of the negroes ( p 8) The text is clearly eager to distinguish its hero from other blacks: his beauty generally and his individual features distance Oroonoko from what the narrator calls his gloomy Race (6) and identify him with European ideas of beauty. The phrase bating his colour makes his us feel Oroonokos African origins as a liability, a flaw in his race. When the novella comes to consider the heros equally extraordinary virtue. The account of Oroonokos upbringing stresses his natural inclination to Arms'( 6), his tutelage in Morals, language and Science (7). One could interpret this nature belonging not to primitivism but to royalism, for it is inseparable from exalted birth. We are told of Oroonokos native beauty and struck with an awe and reverence, even those that knew not his Quality (6), the word quality combines connotations of virtue and high birth, in this novella a royal birth, which reflects the prince beauty. Individual value is associated with birth, virtue with an inherited rank which is shown as a natural order. This is a concept of basic hierarchy, virtue as Pacheco states virtue is supposedly transmitted from one generation to the next'( 4), meaning power and Kingship is legitimised on the notion of worthiness, authority is presented as hereditary. Kingship is explored even further when onlookers are fortunate to witness royalty it inspires Awe and reverence, these choices of words establishes as deeply right a relationship between the prince and the rest of humanity. As Pacheco points out there is no mention here of the Doctrine of the divine right of kings this vitally important to the Stuart monarchs, but the sanctity of Kingship is implied as Oroonoko himself is invested with something akin to divine power.

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Essay -- Facility Ownership Finances Accounti

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for assessing the total cost of facility ownership. It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning, and disposing of a building or building system. LCCA is especially useful when project alternatives that fulfill the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to initial costs and operating costs, have to be compared in order to select the one that maximizes net savings. For example, LCCA will help determine whether the incorporation of a high-performance HVAC or glazing system, which may increase initial cost but result in dramatically reduced operating and maintenance costs, is cost-effective or not. LCCA is not useful for budget allocation. Lowest life-cycle cost (LCC) is the most straightforward and easy-to-interpret measure of economic evaluation. Some other commonly used measures are Net Savings (or Net Benefits), Savings-to-Investment Ratio (or Savings Benefit-to-Cost Ratio), Internal Rate of Return, and Payback Period. They are consistent with the Lowest LCC measure of evaluation if they use the same parameters and length of study period. Building economists, certified value specialists, cost engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, operations researchers, and others might use any or several of these techniques to evaluate a project. The approach to making cost-effective choices for building-related projects can be quite similar whether it is called cost estimating, value engineering, or economic analysis. DESCRIPTION A. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Method The purpose of an LCCA is to estimate the overall costs of project alternatives and to select the design that ensures the facility will provide the lowest overall cost of ownership consistent with its quality and function. The LCCA should be performed early in the design process while there is still a chance to refine the design to ensure a reduction in life-cycle costs (LCC). The first and most challenging task of an LCCA, or any economic evaluation method, is to determine the economic effects of alternative designs of buildings and building systems and to quantify these effects and express them in dollar amounts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viewed over a 30 year period, initial building costs account for approximately just 2% of the total, while operations and maintenance costs equal 6%, and personnel costs equal ... ..., Design, and Development Process, Cost-Effective—Use Economic Analysis to Evaluate Facility Investment Decisions, Cost-Effective—Consider Non-Monetary Benefits such as Aesthetics, Historic Preservation, Security, and Safety, Sustainable, Productive, Functional Publications Building Economics: Theory and Practice by Rosalie T. Ruegg and Harold E. Marshall. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990. Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis, Annual Supplement to Handbook 135 by Sieglinde K. Fuller, Amy S. Rushing, and Laura I. Schultz. NISTIR 85-3273-19. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, April 2004. Also available from the DOE/FEMP Help Desk at 1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463). Engineering Economy by G. J. Thuesen and W. J. Fabrycky. Prentice Hall, 1993. ISBN 0-13-277491-7. GSA LEED ® Cost Study Life-Cycle Costing Manual for the Federal Energy Management Program by Sieglinde Fuller and S.R. Petersen. NIST Handbook 135. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995. Simplified Energy Design Economics by Harold E. Marshall and Rosalie T. Ruegg. NBS SP 544. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Standards, January 1980.

Marketing funtions

Principles of Marketing Seaworthy College In any type of organization, the internal marketing strategy and end result can greatly affect the outcome of any measured external results. Internal marketing is created and carried out In order to align, motivate and empower all employees on all levels of the business. When employees feel motivated and empowered, what follows is typically positive customer experiences that are truly aligned with the firms' organizational goals. Success in any business starts with the many roles that employees will play, in which each roll affects all others.One role the employee will play is the worker that they are in the environment they are provided. An employer or internal marketer needs to provide a work environment that enables the employee to feel excited and rewarded by their everyday duties. If the employee feels motivated by the excitement or reward, they will strive to Increase their performance. Increased performance, In turn, Increases customer satisfaction. With both employees and customers satisfied, all levels of the organization will then be satisfied. If satisfied, the employees and customers will remain loyal to the organization.Employees will also be more apt to remain loyal if they are aware of any possible challenges and given direction. All of these roles will help evolve and preserve the compass culture, with little culture or low productivity could greatly benefit from internal marketing. Internal marketing is also achieved through quality management training. This is a form of training that will enable the staff to see the cycle between employee relations and producing quality products or services. Communication with employees will increase heir knowledge, which in turn creates greater awareness and allows for the expression of opinion.Along with communication and awareness, incentives can greatly affect attitude, knowledge, and the willingness to offer an opinion. Some incentives available are positive worki ng conditions, salary recognition, and personal growth. Positive internal marketing looks to adjoin departments which will increase harmony and further improve communication. Overall, the main objectives of internal marketing are to keep the internal stakeholders satisfied and motivated. In turn, as an end result, it will keep the external customers satisfied. It will also improve employee relations and core competencies.Core competencies are defined as the strengths and advantages of a business. These competencies allow a company to expand, but should be unique enough where they cannot be replicated. All internal marketing will affect the external outcomes of each business. When the internal strengths are matched with external opportunities, all needs of customers will be met. Therefore, organizations should convert any internal weakness to strengths and all external threats into opportunities. Internal strengths ND weaknesses should be analyzed for insight on accomplishing any int ernal goals.It will also open awareness for advantages in achieving external goals. A review of employees and production will allow someone to spot possible advantages or impediments. A review of the financial ratios should be conducted to compare with other competitors. Possible external opportunities would be gaps in the market where no company is actually serving. This will allow for a new market or growth opportunity. Possible threats would be any competitors or new products. Most successful businesses not only consistently analyze their marketing, but also look to create a customer centered business.This is done by starting with the customers instead of starting with the product. Starting with the customer is creating a business' actions to support sales and staff to meet the specific clients' needs. More simply put, it's putting the customer first. Same positive result. The strategies are based around creating a quality product and correctly responding to complaints and inquir ies. This is achieved through seven steps that are completed at the business level. The first step is to communicate your central philosophy simply but meaningfully. A few short words shouldn't be hard to remember but mean the business.The second step is to elaborate the company's core values. This is a definition of how the customers, employees, and vendors should be treated at all times. The third step is to reinforce your commitment continually. The more often it is stated, the better it will stick. The fourth step is to make it visual. If an employee sees the philosophy and commitment in every day surroundings, it will become second nature. If the customer sees the same, they will begin to realize what the company strives on. The fifth step is to make it a focus during orientation.Orientation is the time where new hires take the key elements of the business away from the table. If it is mentioned in orientation, they will know the importance. The sixth step is to train, support, hire, and enforce. Some employees need to be taught and encouraged to follow new ways of thinking and acting. This will, in turn, generate loyalty and enthusiasm amongst customers. This is typically done through training, learning, coaching, observation, and feedback. The final step is to instill the idea of including the world. It creates the actions of going above and ended. Customer's decisions are based on a five step process.This process consists of problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post purchase behavior. Interactions with a company can be placed anywhere in steps two through four due to impact factors. These impact factors consist of past experiences, cognitive bias, individual differences, personal relevance, and escalation of commitment. Past results of a product will determine if the product will continue to be purchased. If the result was positive, then the action will be repeated. If the result was negative, then the action will be avoided in the future.Cognitive bias consists of many factors. Belief bias is the overconfidence on prior knowledge. Hindsight bias is when one is ready to explain the inevitable. Omission bias is omitting any info that may be perceived as risky. Confirmation bias is that the customer observes what they expected. Individual differences are based on socioeconomic status, age, and cognitive abilities. The older generation may be more confident in decision making because they have more ability to apply strategy. The socioeconomic status is meaning that some may eve less access to education and resources so they are not informed enough to make a decision.Personal relevance comes from a person feeling that their decision matters. When they feel this way, they are more likely to decide. They want to see the importance of their actions. Escalation of commitment is simply continued loyalty. Decisions, it's time to investigate the effectiveness of the marketing. This is done by various investigation techniques. One way is through search engine optimization. This is the ability to gauge the company's popularity as compared to other companies. It tracks how many times internet users have clicked on the links for the particular site.Another option is through quarterly revenue. This compares revenue against marketing campaigns. This will inform you of what actually makes the product sell. Surveys are a basic way of questioning how people feel. Surveys are done in a variety of ways, but if sent via email, there are certain services that are able to track how many of the sent emails were opened. From that number, they can they track how many went into the website. All of the options for data collection are sent through a marketing decision purport system. This is a system that is used to interpret and evaluate data.

Billy Elliot Essay Example

Billy Elliot Essay Example Billy Elliot Essay Billy Elliot Essay Billy Elliot speech Hello I am here to talk about the film billy Elliot which was based on my life. In this movie it shows there is a variety of pathways and elements, which enables individuals to transition into a New World. ‘Into the World’ is about people choosing the next pathway into their life by their own determination, experiences and support. Which enables them to go beyond their original location and narrow view of the world? ‘Billy Elliot’ relates to ‘Into the World’ as the film is about new possibilities opening up, determination, family support and individual growth. The other relative text that I will be talking about shows a different kind of transition into the world is the article â€Å"young sailor prepares to set sail† these two different texts show two different approaches to the same theme. Throughout this film I face many challenges. My character billy is put through many tough ordeals, such as when I have no support from my family or community in trying to fulfil my dream in becoming a ballet dancer. hen the view of a boy becoming a man is to work in the mining industry to play rugby and doing boxing I was never interested in those things and never good at them the director shows that im different in the scene where i am sparring in the ring and have no fighting stance or desire to fight. The quote† Jesus Christ, Billy Elliot! Youre a disgrace to them gloves, your father, and the traditions of this boxing hall! † shows how billy is not living up to society’s expectations of what a young boy should be interested in and doing. In this boxing lesson I discovered my talent and passion for ballet. The director shows this in the scene in the boxing lesson there is contrast shown by the camera panning past many pairs of ballet slippers. Before stopping at billy’s feet with him wearing hit boxing shoes, This shot reinforces that billy is different and not living up to his father’s expectations which we see as the first step in billy moving into a new world. Throughout this film there are many obstacles I have to overcome to move into a new world such as the approval I seek from my father brother and community. To have their support and understanding of my dreams this is something that at first is not accepted firstly from my brother tony who hates the idea and it is shown from the quote â€Å"dance you little twat! † in the scene where tony finds out about the ballet and his lack of understanding turns to anger and he lashes out at billy and mrs Wilkinson

Nothing Exists Beyond Existence Itself essays

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Types Of Organization Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

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