Audrey Hepbrun A Hollywood Fairytale Essay - 1446 Words

nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Outline I.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Intro: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Thesis- Audrey Hepburn took a difficult childhood and turned it into a gilded fairytale effortlessly. II.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Family Life/Growing up: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A-Shyness nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;B-Turbulent family III.nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Suffering in Holland: nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;A-Reasoning to return nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;1. Childhood in Holland†¦show more content†¦But, listed separately I have a few good features.quot;(Woodward 45). Who would have thought this quot;ugly ducklingquot; would blossom into such a beautiful and talented actress. Audrey Hepburn took a difficult childhood and effortlessly turned it into a gilded fairytale. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Early in life Audrey was faced with both social and family oriented conflicts. Her parents fought and in 1938 her father left Audrey and her mother. Audrey recalls the leaving of her father as quot;‘the most traumatic event in my life.quot; As a young child it is difficult to cope with parents arguing and even more emotional damage was brought upon Audrey with the leaving of her father. As a result of her fathers absence Audrey had problems socially. Audrey was teased for her size, the way she spoke, andher shyness. She drowned her emotions in food and as a result she was larger than most children.(quot;Audrey Hepburn Biographyquot; 1). Many would see Audreys emotional problems as Bremmerman 2 weaknesses which would prevent her from fulfilling her dreams or making anything out of her difficult life. Soon Audrey would face even more difficulties and strengthen her emotional self even more. As a child Audrey was put through emotional challenges that would later help her in her career. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Soon after Audreys father left her suffering worsened. In order to understand her suffering one must understand what the world

The Definition of Organic Foods Should Be Redefined Essay

Organic versus non-organic foods are always being debated to whether they are worth the extra cost. This seems to be an easy question, at first, but begs a more in-depth analysis to come to a conclusion. Organic definitions can vary by government, company and even individuals. Many people have their own ideas of what organic means. My personal definition, before this research assignment, was that organic products were grown with no pesticides, chemical additives, or preservatives and grown in a humane way. Meaning that if it said 100% organic, that is what was meant. This however, is not the case when it comes to the government’s definition of organic, according to T. A. Niewold who wrote, â€Å"Organic More Healthy; Green Shoots in a†¦show more content†¦If these claims prove to be true, as some research suggests, then this may be well worth the cost if one can afford them. In the case of the meat we eat, how do we know that it is truly organic (hence the nec essity for a more strict definition), and why do we even need it to be? There are several reasons for us to eat organic meat, depending on what the definition ultimately ends up being. One reason to eat organic meat is the fact of the spread of Bovine spongiform encephalopathy or what is more commonly known as Mad Cow Disease. There is a human form of this disease called New Variant Creutzfeldt - Jakob disease (NCJD). This disease was first brought to light in the 1990’s in Europe by the discovery of link between these two diseases (Freudenrich, 3). If one had lived in Europe in the early 90’s, for at least six months, (as my family and I did) they may have been exposed to this disease. In the past, cows (who are naturally herbivores) were fed remnants of dead and dying sheep. Sheep that possibly had the disease called, â€Å"Scrapie† which is similar to BSE, and could explain the reason for the infection to have started in cows, eventually jumping to hum ans (Freudenrich, 6). The theory of how this disease came about varies, but one of the most prevalent relates to a protein called a â€Å"prion†. These prions are allowed access to theShow MoreRelatedEssay on The Environment, Bell Hooks, and Feminist Spirituality993 Words   |  4 PagesThe Environment, Bell Hooks, and Feminist Spirituality The Environment: The environment is constantly being sacrificed for food production, toxic dumps, wood distribution, military testing, and other things such as these. And as usual, the root lies in profit. The corporations can’t afford to be concerned with the future well being of the earth and it’s dwellers. Also, environmental pollution can be connected to racism and classism because it is the poor communities that are used for toxicRead MoreMarketing Strategy of Bionade Essay12314 Words   |  50 PagesI Marketing Strategy Plan 1 Company and Product 1.1 Company overview The â€Å"BIONADE GmbH† is a small German manufacturer and distributor of the organic lemonade brand â€Å"Bionade†. The family-owned-enterprise has 107 employees and is located in Ostheim, a small town in the northern Bavaria region of Germany. Sigrid Peter-Leipold is the industrial business manager, owner and executive manager of the â€Å"Privat Brauerei Peter KG Associate Partner† and the â€Å"BIONADE GmbH† and â€Å"BIONADE InternationalRead MoreDrinking Alcoholic Beverages - Paper3311 Words   |  14 Pagespeoples to nation-states.[2][3] Alcoholic beverages are often an important part of social events in these cultures. Alcohol is a psychoactive drug classified as depressant. The National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA) recently redefined the term binge drinking as any time one reaches a peak BAC of 0.08% or higher as opposed to some (arguably) arbitrary number of drinks in an evening.[4] A high blood alcohol content (BAC) is usually considered to be legal drunkenness because itRead MoreChipotle18199 Words   |  73 PagesPrepared for: Chipotle Submitted By: December 14, 2011 I. Introduction to Chipotle Introduction Chipotle Mexican Grill is a leading force in its commitment to buy food from sustainable sources that do not have a negative impact on its menu pricing. Besides leading the way in the fast casual dining experience, it also supports farming initiatives that develop and practice best standards. Chipotle is also active in its environmental commitment to working to reduce its carbon footprintRead MoreCsr Report on Tesco Plc3390 Words   |  14 PagesResponsibility (CSR) 2 Definition of CSR 2 Development of CSR 2 Approaches to CSR 2 Business Benefits of CSR 3 Critical Analysis of CSR 3 Factors influencing CSR 4 The Business Case for CSR 6 TESCO PLC 8 Tesco and Corporate Social Responsibility 8 Environment 8 Community 9 Suppliers 9 People / Employees 10 Government / Regulators 10 How Tesco manages their Corporate Responsibility (CR) 10 Conclusion 10 Bibliography 13 Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Definition of CSR CorporateRead MoreBarriers to Successful Implementation of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Within Small and Medium Industries in Kenya5765 Words   |  24 Pageshave been done on the ability of SMIs to implement AMTs successfully. An exploratory survey of 60 SMIs suggest the need to rethink implementation of AMTs if they are to obtain strategic benefits of AMTs. In particular, they need to rethink their organic structure and understanding of the technologies, plan their level of skilled workers and engineers, and change their culture. Increasing their competitiveness and organizational flexibility requires a flexible structure, training of the workers toRead MoreBarriers to Successful Implementation of Advanced Manufacturing Technologies Within Small and Medium Industries in Kenya5776 Words   |  24 Pageshave been done on the ability of SMIs to implement AMTs successfully. An exploratory survey of 60 SMIs suggest the need to rethink implementation of AMTs if they are to obtai n strategic benefits of AMTs. In particular, they need to rethink their organic structure and understanding of the technologies, plan their level of skilled workers and engineers, and change their culture. Increasing their competitiveness and organizational flexibility requires a flexible structure, training of the workers toRead MorePrivate Label vs National Brands: a Comparative Study6681 Words   |  27 PagesPerception-Behaviour†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦29 14. Awareness†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.30 15. Packaging†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦30 â€Æ' EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Private labels are the products that are made exclusively for a particular food retailer are referred to as own brands, store brands, retailers’ brands, private label, etc. There is currently a $65 Billion market for private label products. The main objectives of the research were to study the dynamics of the branding strategyRead MoreZara Strategy4700 Words   |  19 PagesIntroduction * Definition of terms * Strategy The primary goal of strategy is to outline long term plans a company would undertake taking into consideration several factors which affect its business environment. It is in other words a broad-based formula for how a business is going to accomplish its mission, what its goals should be and what plans and policies will be needed to carry out those goals. * E commerce The online environment is flooded with a lot of transactional activitiesRead MoreMonsanto: Better Living Through Genetic Engineering96204 Words   |  385 Pageselectrical engineering division C A S E E I G H T Television New Zealand: Balancing between commercial and social objectives C A S E N I N E From greenï ¬ eld to graduates: University of the Sunshine Coast C A S E T E N Whole Foods Market, 2005: Will there be enough organic food to satisfy the C A S E E L E V E N growing demand? Wal-Mart Stores Inc.: Dominating global retailing C A S E T W E L V E 14_Hanson_3ed_SB_3869_TXT.indd 441 8/29/07 1:09:33 PM 442 INTRODUCTION A SUMMARY OF

The Road to Perdition Free Essays

The most appealing thing about Road to Perdition is its over-arching theme of redemption. Michael Sullivan (Tom Hanks), an Irish mafia heavy, wants more than anything to keep his son from following in his criminal footsteps. Even though father and son will eventually drive to a place called Perdition to lay low, the story’s title suggests that Michael has for many years been traveling the road to hell. We will write a custom essay sample on The Road to Perdition or any similar topic only for you Order Now He understands as much, and wants his son to avoid the same highway, a road with no off ramps. Then there is John Rooney (Paul Newman in his last feature film role) who is the embodiment of Satan in the film, the pitiless head of an Irish crime family. If his actions weren’t clear enough, he includes the devil in a toast, and late in the film in a conference with Michael below a church tells his younger protege, â€Å"there are only murderers in this room,† and â€Å"there is only one guarantee, none of us will see heaven. † Early in the movie, at a wake in his home for Danny McGovern, a foot soldier he has had killed, Rooney ominously acts the charming father to the Sullivan boys, Michael and Peter, one his son will soon murder, and the other he will personally order a contact on. He playfully tosses dice with the boys in a kind of gangster pastoral, in reality gambling with their very lives. With a disarming charm, reminiscent of the Prince of Darkness, he establishes an early connection with the youngsters, so that later when they are older they’ll feel taken care of by the family. By the time they learn the truth about the business, they will be less horrified, and will be drawn into the web of sin just like their father. Rooney also functions as the surrogate parent to Michael Sr. (Hanks), but whereas it’s usual or a father to protect his child from sin and danger, Rooney has molded Michael into the ruthless enforcer for his evil organization. The story heads in another direction when Rooney’s son Conner (Daniel Craig) slaughter’s Michael’s wife (Jennifer Jason Leigh) and his youngest son Peter to hide his own corruption within the corrupt world he inhabits. But if there is any good in Rooney, it’s his refusal to give up Connor, even though the son has betrayed his father and put him in a mortally precarious position. Thus, the plot becomes increasingly parallel as the two fathers face each other and certain death to protect their offspring like so many lionesses. With the Rooney’s demonic hit man (Jude Law) on their trail, Sullivan goes to see the powerful Frank Nitti with the vain hope of obtaining mafia justice. But when Nitti tells Michael that he will not give up Conner because of the crime connections with Rooney, Michael realizes that his only recourse now is to eliminate his boss before Rooney kills his remaining son. In the great scene when Michael guns down Rooney and his intimates with a Thompson sub-machine gun that lights up the dark, it is a toss up of whether Michael is revenging himself, giving into his darkest, most vengeful lust, or that he is redeeming himself by saving Michael Jr. the only way he can. The interweaving stories of the two fathers, combined with the closure of the main plot in which Michael Jr. abandons the mafia road to be raised on a farm and never hold a gun again, leaves the viewer with a sense of hope: amazing considering the film’s dark themes. This spirit of hope is brought home by the film’s musical score, the most appealing aspect of the movie for me. Thomas Newman—my favorite film composer—wrote the soundtrack, and the one for this film is my favorite work of his. Newman’s patented swelling strings and simple but central piano motifs drive every important scene in the film. The despair of the Midwest’s great depression era, the tension of carrying out a job accomplished with guns, the absolute peace of completing life’s final task, these along with every shot in the movie are underscored by beautiful music, which itself functions as an actor in the film, every bit as important as Tom Hanks or Paul Newman. My favorite example of the music’s effectiveness is the scene when Rooney nd his gang leave a pub one evening and walk out into the rain to their car, only to find that the car’s driver is dead. For me, it is the most powerful scene in any movie I have ever seen. The song that plays at this moment is called â€Å"Ghosts. † Sam Mendes, the film’s brilliant director, decided that even though what we are seeing is an action scene, he was not going to make it about action. For Mendes, it is a scene about emotion, and so we hear no sound other than Newman’s score, save for a couple of transitions where the rain can be lightly heard. The five gangsters are looking around when one of their cronies gets shot up from behind. They all turn and start firing hopelessly into the darkness, at the end of the street where the muzzle flash is coming from. Only Rooney remains rooted, with his hand on the car door and his back to the mysterious gunman. The camera then moves into a mid shot of Rooney looking downward, and the mostly ambient score now adds a low string that slowly increases in volume as recognition dawns on Rooney’s face. He now realizes the killer is Sullivan, and he knows he is going to die. He remains frozen as his henchmen are picked off one by one, but not one sound of gunfire is heard, no cries, no footsteps, no shouts. As the last body falls to the street, some sparse piano notes are heard traveling down the scale, which seems to echo the ease in which Sullivan drops Rooney’s bodyguards, like fingers traveling down the piano, ending a life on every key. The sound impresses on us how alone Rooney is now, standing in the rain before his final judgment. Next, we see a long shot of the dark end of the street, and after a time a figure appears out of the darkness walking towards Rooney’s back next to the car. At this moment, the sound of the rain drifts back in. Now a similar shot from a reverse angle, then an over the shoulder shot where we see Rooney beside the car, facing away from Sullivan, and over his shoulder, Sullivan moves towards him. As Rooney lifts his head and his gaze from the ground to camera level, every element in the soundtrack fades away and we understand why Thomas Newman owns this scene, for we are presented with five of the most powerful chords that a string section has ever played. They can’t be described in words so I won’t try. As the 5th chord fades, Rooney turns to face Sullivan, whose face is set in unhappy determination, which we see in an over the shoulder shot from behind Rooney. Again, there is no sound except the rain falling around them and the water dripping from their drenched fedoras. Now the camera moves in on Rooney’s face as he delivers his signature line, â€Å"I’m glad it’s you. † Then the camera cuts to a close up of Sullivan, and we see he is shaken by Rooney’s statement; he is near on the verge of tears, but in spite of his emotions raises his Thompson to the firing position in steady resolve. After Rooney’s coda, the chords play again but end on a different, more conclusive chord, which adds closure to Sullivan’s act before it even happens. This scene was Paul Newman’s final theatrical screen appearance, and I think it does justice to him. It is uncanny how many fine actors died in life not long after they died on screen. This is the scene that proved to me that Thomas Newman was the master. In many ways, Road to Perdition is the coming together of many film masters. Tom Hanks and Paul Newman, two of the most highly acclaimed actors of the last 2 generations, Thomas Newman, a 10 time academy award nominee, and Cinematographer Conrad L. Hall, who won an Oscar for his moody and contrasted lighting. Road to Perdition was also Hall’s last film before his death, and Mendes dedicated this, perhaps his greatest film, to him. A long time ago, I gave up on the gangster film. I just didn’t like the subject matter. And although Perdition is one of the greatest examples of the genre, surpassing in my mind the celebrated Godfather films, it is arguably much more than a mob picture. It is a film whose writer and director were tantalized less by the sensationalized lives of the thieves and murderers of organized crime, and more with the idea of how one conducts and makes meaning of life under extraordinary conditions. Like Hamlet, Shakespeare’s greatest hero, Michael Sullivan is also turned into a scourge who might have cried, â€Å"Oh cursed spite, that ever I was born to set it right. † How to cite The Road to Perdition, Papers

Responsibility of the Creator free essay sample

Responsibility of the Creator Elizabeth Shute May 11, 2011 Literature Mrs. O’Kelly I believe Victor Frankenstein was responsible for his creature’s actions. He had many chances to help but he was a too much of a coward. For example, Frankenstein could have helped Justine but he was too scared to speak up. It was his fault she was in jail and it was his fault she died. She was accused of killing William because Victor’s Monster put the necklace in her pocket. Frankenstein felt responsible for his younger brother’s death when he realized that the monster he created murdered William.Frankenstein started to feel as if he himself had committed the murder because of his role in the monster’s existence. Everything the monster did was Frankenstein‘s fault because he was the creator. Rather then he blaming the monster for his downfall, Frankenstein blamed himself because he created the monster’s life. Victor also felt as if he, himself, murdered Justine because she was executed for a crime the monster committed. Elizabeth was altered by the injustice of Justine’s death, and Frankenstein felt responsible for that alteration as well.The chain of events that the monster set off with William’s murder began not with the monster, but with Frankenstein’s desire to create life. He shows his obsession with creating life when he says, â€Å"†¦I paid no visit to Geneva, but was engaged, heart and soul, in the pursuit of some discoveries which I hoped to make. †1 When the creature was complete he rejected it. He could barely look at the disgusting face which he had brought to life. He even says, â€Å"†¦Breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. †2 The  weight  of remorse about his role in the deaths of William and Justine adversely affected Frankensteins mental and physical health.His responsibility for their deaths and whatever other destruction the monster may have wreaked on humanity overwhelmed him. When the monster came to Frankenstein to plead his case and tell his story, Frankenstein realized that he had some obligation to the monster because he created it, in the same way that he bore responsibility for the monsters actions. Frankenstein was no  longer  simply responsible to humanity for the monsters actions, but he was also responsible to the monster for his happiness. Being the creator of a life was more responsibility than Frankenstein planned for.The monster called upon Frankenstein to fulfill his obligation of providing for his happiness by creating a  female companion  to keep him company. Out of his  sense of  obligation to his creation and out of fear for his family, Frankenstein agreed to make the female monster. His responsibility to humanity carried greater  weight  than the idea of his responsibility to his creature for the actions of the original monster and the new one he agreed to create. He hadnt yet realized the full  weight  of responsibility he would bear for the actions of both monsters.Before Frankenstein could marry  Elizabeth, he had to complete his obligation to the monster so that he could be completely rid of him and the responsibility for his actions. As a result, Frankenstein postponed the wedding and took a  trip to England to work without the danger of being discovered by his family. His obligation to the monster was not only to ensure the monsters happiness, which Frankenstein felt obliged to do as the monsters creator, but also as a way to protect his family from the monsters vengeance.Before he completed the female monster, Frankenstein realized the  weight  of responsibility he would bear if together the two monsters destroyed any other  human life  or reproduced, and the thought was just too much to bear. Rather than  deal  with the responsibility for two hideous, superhuman creatures, Frankenstein would rather  deal  with the wrath of one, so he destroyed his work on the female monster. So began the battle between Frankenstein and the monster. Frankenstein was responsible for Henrys death at the hands of the monster, and this grief rendered him ill for a long time.Frankenstein is once again in the posit ion he found himself with William and Justines deaths. He didnt murder Henry, but his friendship with Frankenstein made Henry susceptible to the monsters wrath because he used Henry to get back at Frankenstein. Although the Irish magistrate acquitted him, Frankenstein knew that he was responsible for Henrys death because he had defied the monsters wishes and the monster repaid him by killing his friend. Frankenstein, feeling responsible for  Elizabeths death as well as his fathers, vowed vengeance.The only way to absolve his responsibility for the monsters actions was to kill him, so thats what Frankenstein set out to do. He was responsible for the monsters creation and its actions, and he planned to be responsible for the monsters destruction as well. Frankenstein never admitted to his family what he had done, never admitted or took responsibility for his actions. He might as well have killed Elizabeth, William, Justine, and Henry with his own hand. The so called â€Å"Monster† only wanted companionship; he did not want to murder those people.The circumstances forced him to commit murder. Frankenstein was the instigator of those circumstances. Victor certainly created something that caused destruction, not only in his own life but in others lives as well. Justine took the fall for Victor, dying for his secret. Elizabeth died because Victor chooses not to create another monster. The monster did not necessarily want another monster-like companion, he just wanted acceptance. Victor brought about his own destruction. Victor’s ability to deal with the real world was almost nonexistent. He had only one friend, Clerval.His choice for a wife was a person he called â€Å"cousin†, but in fact was his adopted sister. Did Victor create this so-called â€Å"monster† to have a friend, the one thing the monster wished for? Victor denied his friendship to the monster, but why? The joy of creating life, the monster, overruled his judgment. He was denying the fact he had committed such a vile act upon humanity. He even says, â€Å"A being whom myself had formed, and eluded with life, had met me at midnight among the precipices of an inaccessible mountain. †3 Victor may have admitted to creating the monster, but he denied that he had driven the monster to commit murder.He needed to admit, not only to himself, but to his family that he was the one responsible for William’s murder. By not admitting this, he allowed his friend Clerval and his wife Elizabeth to be murdered as well. His determination that his secret not be discovered became his downfall. Victor was responsible for every action of his own and for the actions of the monster. Frankenstein’s monster only wanted to be accepted for what he was. The monster needed a friend. Someone he could talk to, someone to love him, and someone to love back. Friendship was not possible.Unfortunately, the human race is very shallow. In the monster’s own words he says, â€Å"†¦they spurn and hate me. †4 We tend to judge the appearances of others, rather than getting to know the person inside. A person’s appearance is only the shell in which they live, it never reflects the person they are. Frankenstein’s monster wanted a friend, not judgment; but even his creator rejected him, not once but multiple times. The second time Victor rejected him he says, â€Å"Devil’, I exclaimed, ‘do you dare approach me? And do not you fear the fierce vengeance of my arm wreaked on your miserable head?Be gone, vile insect†¦Ã¢â‚¬ 5 In the end, Frankenstein didn’t care whether he lived or died. Victor wants the war to end. He has lost every battle he and the monster have fought. I only think that He wished death upon the monster so that the murders will stop. Even in the end Frankenstein was selfish. He did not want anything to stand in the way of science. Had he learned nothing? At least Walton had learned that maybe people should take responsibility for their actions. Walton did let the crew turn the boat around and not face the inevitable, death. Frankenstein made his bed, and now he’s lying in it.In the end, Frankenstein died while the monster survived. So in the end, Frankenstein lost everything. Frankenstein led himself down the path of destruction. He lost his friend, wife, and brother. He was loved by no one. All those whom he had cared about were dead. His experiment had turned him into a shell of hatred and despair. His focus on his creation, led him to a black hole, from which there was no escape. Frankenstein’s ambition did lead to disaster, but he was also the monster with no regard for human life. Now that Frankenstein was in the afterlife, the monster could now end his own life. His quest was over.

Concept of Inflation Essay Example

Concept of Inflation Essay What is causing Inflation? Inflation is the rise in prices which occurs when the demand for goods and services exceeds their available supply. In simpler terms, inflation is a situation where too much money chases too few goods. In India, the wholesale price index (WPI), which was the main measure of the inflation rate consisted of three main components primary articles, which included food articles, constituting 22% of the index; fuel, constituting 14% of the index; and manufactured goods, which accounted for the remaining 64% of the index. For purposes of analysis and to measure more accurately the price levels for different sections of society and as well for different regions, the RBI also kept track of consumer price indices. The average annual GDP growth in the 2000s was about 6% and during the second quarter (July- September) of fiscal 2006-2007, the growth rate was as high as 9. 2%. All this growth was bound to lead to higher demand for goods. However, the growth in the supply of goods, especially food articles such as wheat and pulses, did not keep pace with the growth in demand. As a result, the prices of food articles increased. We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Inflation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Inflation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Concept of Inflation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer According to Subir Gokarn, Executive Director and Chief Economist, CRISIL, The inflationary pressures have been particularly acute this time due to supply side constraints [of food articles] which are a combination of temporary and structural factors. Measures Taken In late 2006 and early 2007, the RBI announced some measures to control inflation. These measures included increasing repo rates, the Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) and reducing the rate of interest on cash deposited by banks with the RBI. With the increase in the repo rates and bank rates, banks had to pay a higher interest rate for the money they borrowed from the RBI. Consequently, the banks increased the rate at which they lent to their customers. The increase in the CRR reduced the money supply in the system because banks now had to keep more money as reserves. On December 08, 2006, the RBI again increased the CRR by 50 basis points to 5. 5%. On January 31, 2007, the RBI increased the repo rate by 25 basis points to 7. 5% Some Perspectives The RBIs and the governments response to the inflation witnessed in 2006-07 was said to be based on traditional anti-inflation measures. However, some economists argued that the steps taken by the government to control inflation were not enough Outlook Several analysts were of the view that the RBI could have handled the 2006-07 inflation without tinkering with the interest rates, which according to them could slow down economic growth. Others believed that high inflation was often seen by investors as a sign of economic mismanagement and sustained high inflation would affect investor confidence in the economy. However, the inflation rate in emerging economies was usually higher than developed economies Knowing Inflation†¦ By inflation one generally means rise in prices. To be more correct inflation is persistent rise in the general price level rather than a once-for-all rise in it, while deflation is persistent falling price. A situation is described as inflationary when either the prices or the supply of money are rising, but in practice both will rise together. These days economies of all countries whether underdeveloped, developing as well developed suffers from inflation. Inflation or persistent rising prices are major problem today in world. Because of many reasons, first, the rate of inflation these years are much high than experienced earlier periods. Second, Inflation in these years coexists with high rate of unemployment, which is a new phenomenon and made it difficult to control inflation. An inflationary situation is where there is too much money chasing too few goods. As products/services are scarce in relation to the money available in the hands of buyers, prices of the products/services rise to adjust for the larger quantum of money chasing them. As someone once said, Inflation is when you pay Rs. 15 for a Rs. 10 haircut you used to get for Rs. 5 when you had hair. Inflation in Indian Context†¦ Inflation is no stranger to the Indian economy. The Indian economy has been registering stupendous growth after the liberalization of Indian economy. In fact, till the early nineties Indians were used to ignore inflation. But, since the mid-nineties controlling inflation has become a priority. The natural fallout of this has been that we, as a nation, have become virtually intolerant to inflation. The opening up of the Indian economy in the early 1990s had increased Indias industrial output and consequently has raised the India Inflation Rate. While inflation was primarily caused by domestic factors (supply usually was unable to meet demand, resulting in the classical definition of inflation of too much money chasing too few goods), today the situation has changed significantly. Inflation today is caused more by global rather than by domestic factors. Naturally, as the Indian economy undergoes structural changes, the causes of domestic inflation too have undergone tectonic changes. The main cause of rise in the rate of inflation rate in India is the pricing disparity of agricultural products between the producer and consumers in the Indian market. Moreover, the sky- rocketing of prices of food products, manufacturing products, and essential commodities have also catapulted the inflation rate in India. Furthermore, the unstable international crude oil prices have worsened the situation. Defining causes of Inflation†¦ What exactly is the nature of this inflation which has the nation in its grip? The different causes of inflation which are experienced in Indian economy in a large proportion would be:- Demand-pull inflation: This is basically when the aggregate demand in an economy exceeds the aggregate supply. It is also defined as `too much money chasing too few goods. Bare-boned, it means that a country is capable of producing only 100 items but the demand is for 105 items. Its a very simple demand-supply issue. The more demand there is, the costlier it becomes. Much the same as the way real estate in the country is rising. Cost-push inflation: This is caused when there is a supply shock. This represents the condition where, even though there is no increase in Aggregate Demand, prices may still rise. I. e. non availability of a commodity would lead to increase in prices. This may happen if the costs of especially wage cost rise. Imported Inflation: This is inflation due to increases in the prices of imports. Increases in the prices of imported final products directly affect any expenditure-based measure of inflation. They play an important role in driving the rise in domestic prices. The rise in the global prices of crude oil and agricultural commodities, including food grains, and industrial products, and setbacks to global economy resulting from sub-prime mortgage disaster and US recession have contributed to India’s inflation. Other Causes: ?When the government of a country print money in excess, prices increase to keep up with the increase in currency, leading to inflation. ?Increase in production and labor costs, have a direct impact on the price of the final product, resulting in inflation. ?When countries borrow money, they have to cope with the interest burden. This interest burden results in inflation. ?High taxes on consumer products, can also lead to inflation. An increase in indirect taxes can also lead to increased production costs. ?Inflation can artificially be created through a circular increase in wage earners demands and then the subsequent increase in producer costs which will drive up the prices of their goods and services. This will then translate back into higher prices for the wage earners or consumers. As demands go higher from each side, inflation will continue to rise. ?Debt, war and other issues that cause a drastic financial blunder can also cause the inflation.

Heideggers Gestell essays

Heidegger's Gestell essays In his essay, The Question Concerning Technology, Heidegger describes the problem with man and his Being in dealing with his technology. In reference to his works before this, Being here refers to the ideal self that a person is meant to pursue from his birth, and it is the state upon which we will be able to obtain ultimate satisfaction. For Heidegger, technology tends to diverge man from achieving his real Being. Heidegger first said that technology is defined for us as a way of means, but this is not essentially complete. He said that we need to know also the essence of technology. According to him, technology is not equivalent to the essence of technology. (Heidegger, p. 7) Technology, in our view, is an object, or a complex of objects and techniques, that seems passive itself. We conceive of it as activated by us only. According to Heidegger, however, we are fundamentally mistaken in this; "we are delivered over to it in the worst possible way when we regard it as something neu tral." (Heidegger, p. 4) The essence of technology is that it is something upon which humans themselves are formed and structured because we continue to depend too much on it. The problem, which he termed as Gestell, translated as enframing, means the gathering together of that setting-upon which sets upon man, i.e., challenges him forth, to reveal the real, the mode of ordering, as standing-reserve." (Heidegger, p. 20) But, "where Enframing reigns, there is danger in the highest sense." (Heidegger, p. 28) To understand this concept of Enframing, Heidegger showed us that technology is a process, which is present in the world and has great scope. It is something that has been shaping our destiny for as long as we can recall. This technology that we think is a neutral instrument that we humans are in control of is an illusion. We may think we are in control of technology but the truth is that technolog...

Being read to Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Being read to - Essay Example Alberto Manguel in his Chapter â€Å"Being Read To† as contained in his book â€Å"A History of Reading† revisits the common and often contradictory subject of reading on behalf of someone. He carefully looks into this issue analytically giving the readers a historical framework on the origin of the subject, quite in line with his title â€Å"A History of Reading† perhaps as a means of justifying his perspective and pure love of writing and reading. Above all, I agree with Page’s arguments that Manguel’s writing tackles each of its chapters using a freestanding approach that carefully selects on topics in the â€Å" A History of Reading† thereby bringing on a new approach to how reading approaches have conventionally been taught overtime, and peoples approach to reading both in private and public sphere, and what has been popularly referred to as reading as a metaphor, offering a relation what is conventionally being heard to that information which is read over time as has been exposed in his controversial chapter â€Å"Being Read To† (Page). Alberto Manguel’s â€Å"History of the Reading† is an interesting historical writing that combines a rich collection of learned knowledge and pleasure rather than mere reading. This informative reading takes on a different approach than to book organization, adopting what I may call a digressive route which does not have a conventional beginning to proceed logically as some would expect of a ‘historical’ writing (Manguel; Bell). According to Manguel, he takes on the approach that there is no universal governing law operating in this situation, though there seems to be a outstanding concept that repeats itself in a variety of forms. To this far, this writing as advanced by Manguel calls for what can be strongly referred to as privilege of the reader. The reader’s thoughts can therefore contribute in changing the book into more like a message that makes sense for his

Contemporary management systems research report Assignment

Contemporary management systems research report - Assignment Example The domain of internal and external factors for Virgin Airways would be discussed using the PEST and SWOT analysis respectively so as to give a more explicit insight into the influencing factors for the company. Political – Legal Impacts: In terms of the political scenario, it can be seen that the liberal policy environment along with the airline industry deregulation has served as a major factor boosting competition in the industry and encouraging new entrants in the market. Economic Impacts: The economic turmoil following the events of 9/11 and SARS has put the airline industry in a challenging environment. Along with that, the rising prices of fuel have increased the basic costs of flights while the consumer base on the other hand is reluctant to spend money in times of rising inflation. Socio-Cultural Impacts: In this context, the challenge is to get an adequate labour force for the operations from the tight labour markets especially for operations requiring skilled labour, which is quite essential for the airline industry. Technological Impacts: The rapidly changing advancement in technology has led to the creation of knowledge dependent global industries. The biggest challenge today for all companies is to keep pace with these advancements and talking in context of Virgin Airways; they would have to upgrade their operations and aircrafts to achieve better economies of scale in these testing times. Strengths: The greatest strength that Virgin Airways has is that of a strong supporting structure in form of the Virgin Group. Along with that, the company has well established itself as a well-recognized brand in the market that it serves as a low cost, no-frills travelling service provider capitalizing perfectly on the need of the time. Weaknesses: On the downside, Virgin Airways is faced with strong competition from Qantas Airlines that follows a more or less similar business model. Hence, the

Litterature review on Vitamin D levels in infants in Afghanistan Dissertation

Litterature review on Vitamin D levels in infants in Afghanistan - Dissertation Example Vitamin D deficiency is widespread with more than one billion people having insufficient circulatory levelsiv. Vitamin D is essential for maintaining adequate extracellular calcium and phosphate ion concentrations to enable normal mineralization of bone and prevent hypocalcemic tetany. It influences calcium levels throug promotion of its absorption in the intestine, through direct effects on bones and also through its effects on parathyroid hormone. It is also needed for bone remodeling and bone growth by osteoclasts and osteoblasts vvi. If levels are low, hypovitamin D presents as a subclinical condition with latent manifestations of disease, bones can become thin, brittle, or misshapen. This often presents as rickets in children and osteomalacia in adultsvii. A high prevalence of childhood vitamin D deficiency exists in several developing countries (in such temperate regions similar in climate to Afghanistan) with abundant sunlight: Turkeyviii, Iranix, Saudi Arabiax, Indiaxi, China xii, Mongoliaxiii, Algeriaxiv and Nigeriaxv. The main source of vitamin D is obtained through Ultraviolet radiation on 7-dehydocholesterol in the skin. Small amounts can also be absorbed from dietary sources. It has been suggested that cultural practices, dark skin color, hot climates, lower calcium content in diets and lack of Vitamin D fortification in foods help explain the low vitamin D levelsxvi. In Afghanistan, exposure of women to sunlight is limited due to widespread use of Burqas. In children the extent to which they are covered and their exposure to sunshine and whether this correlates to vitamin D levels has not been investigated. In our project, we propose to analyze the data obtained from a randomized control trial on an infant population in Kabul, Afghanistan. We will attempt to quantify the amount of sun exposure, analyze it in relation to various socioeconomic factors and try to establish – in children who live in these climates - whether there is an associati on with Vitamin D deficiency. The current adult recommendation for Vitamin D is 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels between 200 and 600 IU/d, but this level is currently controversial considering that a fifteen-minute whole-body exposure to summer sun will lead to 20,000 IU vitamin D-3 released into the body[1]. Optimal serum concentrations are variable based on study results, but one generally agreed-upon figured is approximately 75 nmol/l, although this varies according to individual characteristics [2]. Anther study suggests that an optimal level for adults is 25(OH)D ? 80 nmol or 32 Â µg/L, based on biomarkers that react to levels of vitamin D in the body[1]. Other studies agree with the figure of 75-80 nmol/L being required for optimal bone health, although this research was done in older white adults living in Europe and the United States and may therefore differ from levels in other racial and age groups [3]. Such results may not be applicable to the determination of healthy levels i n children or in those of other racial groups such as the people in Afghanistan. These results may also be affected by the variation in diet between these cultures, as the United States and Europe encourage higher levels of calcium in the diet. There are also suggestions that the types of vitamin D that are obtained through oral ingestion are not metabolically identical to those obtained through cutaneous synthesis, which requires sun exposure [2]. There is a lack of current studies relating vitamin D levels to health in any group

Aphras Behns Oroonoko | Analysis

Aphras Behns Oroonoko | Analysis Aphras Behns Oroonoko tends to focus on the treatment of slavery and race, particularly Behns granting of heroic stature to an African prince (Pacheco 1). This highlights the notion of kinship, and reference to a legitimate monarch. Behns novella of an African slave who was once a king was published in 1688, the year that saw the bloodless deposition of King James II in England. This essay will try and explore and analyse the connections between matters of race and kingship in the novella. In his article George Guffey challenged such readings by asserting that the significance of Behns hero resides not in his African origins but in his royal blood, his enslavement, (Lore Metzger 3) according to Guffey, this presents a mirror image of the imminent deposition of the legitimate monarch, James II. One could interpret this as Behn, representing hierarchical principles, creating a royalist ideology; this is shown in Behns series of references to the execution of Charles I, this creates linkages to Oroonokos linear as a prince executed by racist men, inferior in hierarchy. The nostalgic imprint of the old order demonstrates the split in English culture caused by the civil wars aftermath; this notion of kingship is shown in Oroonoko when captors name him Caesar. The narrator and Oroonoko- Caesar have both received European educations, as Todd suggests accorded to privileged white men; both are victims and beneficiaries of socioeconomic systems that discriminate kings from commoners supporting the privileges of the nobility with profits of the slave- trade. Oroonoko is described as having captured and sold black slaves in African wars before he was himself enslaved by a Christian. The narrator not only belongs to a slave owning class but clearly supports the nationalistic colonising enterprise which fuelled and depended on the African Slave trade (Todd, 218). Behn uses lush description of gold-prospecting (45) to suggest desirability- in 1688, on the eve of William of Oranges accession to the British throne- Behn suggests tis bemoaned what his majesty lost by losing that part of America'(59). The narrator and a hero who are both victims of the slave trade, and by comparing both characters at different moments, to the Indians, Behn provides a perspective on the Conquest of America ( Todd 219) showing notions of imperialism and kingship. The renaming of slaves can be seen as destroying identity, slaves were renamed as soon as they arrived in foreign lands, removing identity and thus Oroonokos kingship, however one could argue the name Caesar given to the character still denotes kinship and creates a certain amount of respect. Throughout the narrative a kind of royalist discourse pervades Behns story of a prince who is beloved like a Deity (29). After Oroonoko is sold into slavery in Surinam, Behn foregrounds the royalist myth (Anita Dacheco). Trefy, who buys Oroonoko, knows he is no ordinary slave, he is at first richly dressed, according to his social position, he cannot hide the: Graces of his looks and Mein The Royal Youth appeard in spight of the slave, even by those who yet knew not that he was a prince ( p.39) Even though disguised, authority shines through, this is clearly shown when Oroonoko reaches the plantation, the response of the slaves to his presence make significance of his royal status clear: Live, O king, Long live, O king! And kissing his feet, paid him Divine Homage (41) The slaves worship Oroonoko as a god, as Pacheo emphasises It would be hard to imagine a more radical vindication, of the royal prerogative meaning the slaves serve as a function, a literary function, to solidify the rightness and sanctity of royal power. Trefry even reflects happily that Oroonokos Grandeur is confirmed by the Adoration of all the slaves (41). The royalist discourse essentially portrays royal power as a natural law, with divine purpose, residing the blood of the royal line. The text seeks to reinforce its royalist ideology with ruling class values, this can be seen by Oroonokos education, the emphasise on training as Pacheo mentions Oroonoko as a European aristocrat, with privileges European upper class-culture, the men who contribute to Oroonokos education are gentlemen such as Trefry, a person of great wit, and fine learning (38). The novella written at a time of great intense upheaval in social power relations, endorses the elitist values of the ruling class, va lidating the authority not only for the monarchy, but also of the upper classes that clutter around the throne, allied to it through a shared interest in preserving the distinction of hereditary power (496), SOMETHING SHOULD GO HERE. The matters of race are questioned in Oroonokos beloved, whom the English rename Clemene. As Todd suggests Imoinda is doubly enslaved- to the whites, male and female'(219) one could suggest even to her black husband. In contrast to the narrator, who stands in relation Oroonoko, as queen or Petraarchan lady-lord to a vassal- a Great mistress (46). As Todd states Imoinda is an uncanny amalgam of European ideals of European fantasties about wives of Oriental despots, she is therefore an image of ideal that race cannot challenge. Race is shown Behns portrait of her African prince, of both his physical appearance and his character, is profoundly Eurocentric: His face was not of that brown rusty Black, His nose was rising and roman, instead of African and flat, His mouth the finest shaped that could be seen: far from those great turned lips, which are so natural to the rest of the negroes ( p 8) The text is clearly eager to distinguish its hero from other blacks: his beauty generally and his individual features distance Oroonoko from what the narrator calls his gloomy Race (6) and identify him with European ideas of beauty. The phrase bating his colour makes his us feel Oroonokos African origins as a liability, a flaw in his race. When the novella comes to consider the heros equally extraordinary virtue. The account of Oroonokos upbringing stresses his natural inclination to Arms'( 6), his tutelage in Morals, language and Science (7). One could interpret this nature belonging not to primitivism but to royalism, for it is inseparable from exalted birth. We are told of Oroonokos native beauty and struck with an awe and reverence, even those that knew not his Quality (6), the word quality combines connotations of virtue and high birth, in this novella a royal birth, which reflects the prince beauty. Individual value is associated with birth, virtue with an inherited rank which is shown as a natural order. This is a concept of basic hierarchy, virtue as Pacheco states virtue is supposedly transmitted from one generation to the next'( 4), meaning power and Kingship is legitimised on the notion of worthiness, authority is presented as hereditary. Kingship is explored even further when onlookers are fortunate to witness royalty it inspires Awe and reverence, these choices of words establishes as deeply right a relationship between the prince and the rest of humanity. As Pacheco points out there is no mention here of the Doctrine of the divine right of kings this vitally important to the Stuart monarchs, but the sanctity of Kingship is implied as Oroonoko himself is invested with something akin to divine power.

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Essay -- Facility Ownership Finances Accounti

Life-Cycle Cost Analysis Life-cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is a method for assessing the total cost of facility ownership. It takes into account all costs of acquiring, owning, and disposing of a building or building system. LCCA is especially useful when project alternatives that fulfill the same performance requirements, but differ with respect to initial costs and operating costs, have to be compared in order to select the one that maximizes net savings. For example, LCCA will help determine whether the incorporation of a high-performance HVAC or glazing system, which may increase initial cost but result in dramatically reduced operating and maintenance costs, is cost-effective or not. LCCA is not useful for budget allocation. Lowest life-cycle cost (LCC) is the most straightforward and easy-to-interpret measure of economic evaluation. Some other commonly used measures are Net Savings (or Net Benefits), Savings-to-Investment Ratio (or Savings Benefit-to-Cost Ratio), Internal Rate of Return, and Payback Period. They are consistent with the Lowest LCC measure of evaluation if they use the same parameters and length of study period. Building economists, certified value specialists, cost engineers, architects, quantity surveyors, operations researchers, and others might use any or several of these techniques to evaluate a project. The approach to making cost-effective choices for building-related projects can be quite similar whether it is called cost estimating, value engineering, or economic analysis. DESCRIPTION A. Life-Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Method The purpose of an LCCA is to estimate the overall costs of project alternatives and to select the design that ensures the facility will provide the lowest overall cost of ownership consistent with its quality and function. The LCCA should be performed early in the design process while there is still a chance to refine the design to ensure a reduction in life-cycle costs (LCC). The first and most challenging task of an LCCA, or any economic evaluation method, is to determine the economic effects of alternative designs of buildings and building systems and to quantify these effects and express them in dollar amounts.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Viewed over a 30 year period, initial building costs account for approximately just 2% of the total, while operations and maintenance costs equal 6%, and personnel costs equal ... ..., Design, and Development Process, Cost-Effective—Use Economic Analysis to Evaluate Facility Investment Decisions, Cost-Effective—Consider Non-Monetary Benefits such as Aesthetics, Historic Preservation, Security, and Safety, Sustainable, Productive, Functional Publications Building Economics: Theory and Practice by Rosalie T. Ruegg and Harold E. Marshall. New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1990. Energy Price Indices and Discount Factors for Life-Cycle Cost Analysis, Annual Supplement to Handbook 135 by Sieglinde K. Fuller, Amy S. Rushing, and Laura I. Schultz. NISTIR 85-3273-19. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, April 2004. Also available from the DOE/FEMP Help Desk at 1-877-EERE-INF (1-877-337-3463). Engineering Economy by G. J. Thuesen and W. J. Fabrycky. Prentice Hall, 1993. ISBN 0-13-277491-7. GSA LEED ® Cost Study Life-Cycle Costing Manual for the Federal Energy Management Program by Sieglinde Fuller and S.R. Petersen. NIST Handbook 135. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995. Simplified Energy Design Economics by Harold E. Marshall and Rosalie T. Ruegg. NBS SP 544. Washington, DC: National Bureau of Standards, January 1980.

Marketing funtions

Principles of Marketing Seaworthy College In any type of organization, the internal marketing strategy and end result can greatly affect the outcome of any measured external results. Internal marketing is created and carried out In order to align, motivate and empower all employees on all levels of the business. When employees feel motivated and empowered, what follows is typically positive customer experiences that are truly aligned with the firms' organizational goals. Success in any business starts with the many roles that employees will play, in which each roll affects all others.One role the employee will play is the worker that they are in the environment they are provided. An employer or internal marketer needs to provide a work environment that enables the employee to feel excited and rewarded by their everyday duties. If the employee feels motivated by the excitement or reward, they will strive to Increase their performance. Increased performance, In turn, Increases customer satisfaction. With both employees and customers satisfied, all levels of the organization will then be satisfied. If satisfied, the employees and customers will remain loyal to the organization.Employees will also be more apt to remain loyal if they are aware of any possible challenges and given direction. All of these roles will help evolve and preserve the compass culture, with little culture or low productivity could greatly benefit from internal marketing. Internal marketing is also achieved through quality management training. This is a form of training that will enable the staff to see the cycle between employee relations and producing quality products or services. Communication with employees will increase heir knowledge, which in turn creates greater awareness and allows for the expression of opinion.Along with communication and awareness, incentives can greatly affect attitude, knowledge, and the willingness to offer an opinion. Some incentives available are positive worki ng conditions, salary recognition, and personal growth. Positive internal marketing looks to adjoin departments which will increase harmony and further improve communication. Overall, the main objectives of internal marketing are to keep the internal stakeholders satisfied and motivated. In turn, as an end result, it will keep the external customers satisfied. It will also improve employee relations and core competencies.Core competencies are defined as the strengths and advantages of a business. These competencies allow a company to expand, but should be unique enough where they cannot be replicated. All internal marketing will affect the external outcomes of each business. When the internal strengths are matched with external opportunities, all needs of customers will be met. Therefore, organizations should convert any internal weakness to strengths and all external threats into opportunities. Internal strengths ND weaknesses should be analyzed for insight on accomplishing any int ernal goals.It will also open awareness for advantages in achieving external goals. A review of employees and production will allow someone to spot possible advantages or impediments. A review of the financial ratios should be conducted to compare with other competitors. Possible external opportunities would be gaps in the market where no company is actually serving. This will allow for a new market or growth opportunity. Possible threats would be any competitors or new products. Most successful businesses not only consistently analyze their marketing, but also look to create a customer centered business.This is done by starting with the customers instead of starting with the product. Starting with the customer is creating a business' actions to support sales and staff to meet the specific clients' needs. More simply put, it's putting the customer first. Same positive result. The strategies are based around creating a quality product and correctly responding to complaints and inquir ies. This is achieved through seven steps that are completed at the business level. The first step is to communicate your central philosophy simply but meaningfully. A few short words shouldn't be hard to remember but mean the business.The second step is to elaborate the company's core values. This is a definition of how the customers, employees, and vendors should be treated at all times. The third step is to reinforce your commitment continually. The more often it is stated, the better it will stick. The fourth step is to make it visual. If an employee sees the philosophy and commitment in every day surroundings, it will become second nature. If the customer sees the same, they will begin to realize what the company strives on. The fifth step is to make it a focus during orientation.Orientation is the time where new hires take the key elements of the business away from the table. If it is mentioned in orientation, they will know the importance. The sixth step is to train, support, hire, and enforce. Some employees need to be taught and encouraged to follow new ways of thinking and acting. This will, in turn, generate loyalty and enthusiasm amongst customers. This is typically done through training, learning, coaching, observation, and feedback. The final step is to instill the idea of including the world. It creates the actions of going above and ended. Customer's decisions are based on a five step process.This process consists of problem recognition, information search, alternative evaluation, purchase decision, and post purchase behavior. Interactions with a company can be placed anywhere in steps two through four due to impact factors. These impact factors consist of past experiences, cognitive bias, individual differences, personal relevance, and escalation of commitment. Past results of a product will determine if the product will continue to be purchased. If the result was positive, then the action will be repeated. If the result was negative, then the action will be avoided in the future.Cognitive bias consists of many factors. Belief bias is the overconfidence on prior knowledge. Hindsight bias is when one is ready to explain the inevitable. Omission bias is omitting any info that may be perceived as risky. Confirmation bias is that the customer observes what they expected. Individual differences are based on socioeconomic status, age, and cognitive abilities. The older generation may be more confident in decision making because they have more ability to apply strategy. The socioeconomic status is meaning that some may eve less access to education and resources so they are not informed enough to make a decision.Personal relevance comes from a person feeling that their decision matters. When they feel this way, they are more likely to decide. They want to see the importance of their actions. Escalation of commitment is simply continued loyalty. Decisions, it's time to investigate the effectiveness of the marketing. This is done by various investigation techniques. One way is through search engine optimization. This is the ability to gauge the company's popularity as compared to other companies. It tracks how many times internet users have clicked on the links for the particular site.Another option is through quarterly revenue. This compares revenue against marketing campaigns. This will inform you of what actually makes the product sell. Surveys are a basic way of questioning how people feel. Surveys are done in a variety of ways, but if sent via email, there are certain services that are able to track how many of the sent emails were opened. From that number, they can they track how many went into the website. All of the options for data collection are sent through a marketing decision purport system. This is a system that is used to interpret and evaluate data.

Billy Elliot Essay Example

Billy Elliot Essay Example Billy Elliot Essay Billy Elliot Essay Billy Elliot speech Hello I am here to talk about the film billy Elliot which was based on my life. In this movie it shows there is a variety of pathways and elements, which enables individuals to transition into a New World. ‘Into the World’ is about people choosing the next pathway into their life by their own determination, experiences and support. Which enables them to go beyond their original location and narrow view of the world? ‘Billy Elliot’ relates to ‘Into the World’ as the film is about new possibilities opening up, determination, family support and individual growth. The other relative text that I will be talking about shows a different kind of transition into the world is the article â€Å"young sailor prepares to set sail† these two different texts show two different approaches to the same theme. Throughout this film I face many challenges. My character billy is put through many tough ordeals, such as when I have no support from my family or community in trying to fulfil my dream in becoming a ballet dancer. hen the view of a boy becoming a man is to work in the mining industry to play rugby and doing boxing I was never interested in those things and never good at them the director shows that im different in the scene where i am sparring in the ring and have no fighting stance or desire to fight. The quote† Jesus Christ, Billy Elliot! Youre a disgrace to them gloves, your father, and the traditions of this boxing hall! † shows how billy is not living up to society’s expectations of what a young boy should be interested in and doing. In this boxing lesson I discovered my talent and passion for ballet. The director shows this in the scene in the boxing lesson there is contrast shown by the camera panning past many pairs of ballet slippers. Before stopping at billy’s feet with him wearing hit boxing shoes, This shot reinforces that billy is different and not living up to his father’s expectations which we see as the first step in billy moving into a new world. Throughout this film there are many obstacles I have to overcome to move into a new world such as the approval I seek from my father brother and community. To have their support and understanding of my dreams this is something that at first is not accepted firstly from my brother tony who hates the idea and it is shown from the quote â€Å"dance you little twat! † in the scene where tony finds out about the ballet and his lack of understanding turns to anger and he lashes out at billy and mrs Wilkinson

Nothing Exists Beyond Existence Itself essays

Nothing Exists Beyond Existence Itself essays Existentialism gets its name from an insistence that human life is understandable only in terms of an individual persons existence, his or her particular experience of life (Bigelow 1). Portions of Fyodor Dostoyevskys Crime and Punishment and Albert Camuss The Stranger signify segments of existential beliefs. Dostoevskys subtle approach towards existential philosophies and Camuss more forthright attitude, while very different in most respects, share a few likenesses as well. There exists a theme of intense alienation in Crime and Punishment that remains constant throughout the novel. The alienation begins when Raskolnikov separates himself from society because he sees his views and ideals as far superior to the rest of societys. He separates himself emotionally from his family and, despite how much his mother loves him, only uses them for their money. Raskolnikov further alienates himself and falls into a somewhat delirious paranoia after committing the murder of Alyona and her sister. The reader sees Raskolnikov as an outsider through the very end of the novel Even while he finds himself imprisoned in Siberia, a place set aside specifically for the outsiders of this world, a terrible impossible gulf [lies] between him and all the rest [of the prisoners]. They [seem] to be a different species, and he [looks] at them and they at him with distrust and hostility (Dostoevsky 516). In Six Steps of Existentialism, Gordon Bigelow names alienation and estrange ment as one of the six doctrines of Existentialism, therefore existentialism becomes, in a certain respect, a main idea of Crime and Punishment. The existential world that Raskolnikov falls into by the end of the novel scares him; mere existence [has] always been too small for him; he [has] always wanted something bigger (Dostoevsky 515). The number one step of existentialism, as outlin...

Types Of Organization Structures Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Types Of Organization Structures - Essay Example The business owner is in direct control of all the elements and operations of the business, as well as bearing the accountability of all the finances of the firm, inclusive of business profits, business losses, business debts, business loans and business assets. During the beginning of the business, after getting the certificate of registration, family members can assist in running the business.Sole proprietorships are the common forms of business structures in existence in the market today, majorly because of the numerous advantages that accrue to a sole trader. For one, it is cheap, simple and quite easy to establish a sole proprietorship business very fast because it does not have numerous legal demands because they carry little or minimal ongoing legal formalities. In addition, a sole trader does not have to pay his or her unemployment taxes. However, the sole proprietorship has its own set of legal constraints making it not the preferred business form. One of the worst demerits of a sole proprietorship is the fact that owners are subject to unlimited personal liability for the debts, liabilities, and losses suffered by the business. As such, personal property can be attached to offset these liabilities. A sole trader cannot secure financing from banks on the formation of the business, or sell out some interest in the business in order to raise more capital, thereby limiting his or her capital threshold. Finally, a sole proprietorship lacks its own life, and in most cases, dies with the demise of its owner.

Final Conclusions Memo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Final Conclusions Memo - Essay Example Louis which has won many games than the Boston and the difference in salary, is quite notable. Another variable is the attendance of the games. It is an expectation on everyone’s mind that the larger the attendances n the games the higher the players get paid. This is not the case, however, looking at the San Diego attendance as compared to the Boston, it was slightly higher, but the difference in the incomes is so higher. Boston earns a whopping 123.5$ San Diego earns 63.3$, while Chicago a team that earns a salary of 87.0$ with an attendance of more 3,100,092 million. This does not reflect in any way on the wins nor is the salary paid to the players. When it comes to baseball teams, it is exceptionally clear that money cannot make a team into a winning team. What actually makes a team to win is all about the player’s personality and the team chemistry not all about the salary they receive. A strong team requires a player with the same goals and the same

Assignment - Zara CaseQuest Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Assignment - Zara CaseQuest - Research Paper Example The management at the company understands that the industry is dynamic and many factors continue to drive the change including customer needs and supply. However, supply is second to customer demands. The top management holds that the company must provide what the market demands and not vice versa (Bower, 2002). Zara has various opportunities and resources that would help the group meet its goals in the process of satisfying clients. The company maintains close management of with tight running of the process of production. To achieve this, Zara maintains both manufacturing and design processes in-house. The only exception is having strategic partnerships situated next to the head offices. Across Europe, the company keeps more than eighty percent of its production in-house with Spain having the least at fifty because of being close to the headquarters. Furthermore, the company enters into agreements with local manufacturers to strategically chase the clients appearing elusive. The agreements help in timely delivery of products as well as services. The company maintains flexibility by designing and producing more than twelve thousand new products to the market every year (Casadesus-Masanell, 2006). This is in addition to the benefits emanating from proximity. Application of these strategies makes the work of chasing to achieve their targets besides satisfying consumer needs. Value chasers are intangible and tangib le in terms of benefits received by stakeholders. From the tangible perspectives Inditex that owns Zara operates a net margin of slightly more than eleven percentile both in the market capitalization and operational activities. The working capital in terms of its net is healthy running more than one hundred and thirty-three thousand Euros. The exemplary performance in the financial sector demonstrates the prowess of Zara to run business in the industry. Within four years up to the turn of the century, the

Ben & Jerry’s Homemade Essay Example for Free

Ben Jerry’s Homemade Essay With four offers on the table, Ben Jerry’s had quite the decision to make. When it came down to it, they chose the most attractive offer which turned out to be with Unilever. As time passed, this was shown to ultimately be a very wise choice as the financial results would later show impressive results. These impressive results could be seen by looking at how the operating margins tripled and were able to maintain a 700M operating profit in succeeding years after the merger (starting in 2002), operations expanded into 13 new countries, and that their sales reached a notable 7. 9 million. Put this together with the fact that Unilever let Ben Jerry’s continue to operate as an independent subsidiary and continue a majority of their social agenda, this was a successful merger for Ben Jerry’s. From a Unilever’s perspective, it proved to be just as lucrative. Investors in Unilever has grown uneasy for some time with Unilever and had been pressuring them to grow. This was partly solved when Unilever finally acquired Ben Jerry’s (And around 20 other companies at that time) and was able to grow Ben Jerry’s internationally and increase its company’s value to its investors. All said and done, this was a very successful merger for both parties despite a few integration problems that will be discussed in the following analysis. First off it should be mentioned that Ben Jerry was able to continue their social contributions. They were able to stay in Vermont, continue to buy non-BGH diary goods from Vermont supplies, and continue to have their free cones day. Unilever even helped start a Ben Jerry’s foundation that would help fund businesses in low-income communities. All this was in the result of Ben Jerry’s company culture and the employee’s attitudes. One impact from this was that the employees were quite â€Å"playful.† This led to the first integration problem when Unilever implanted its own executive, Yves Couette, as CEO of Ben Jerry’s. He had the task of being able to switch from the more strict corporate culture at Unilever to Ben Jerry’s more laid back culture This led to him hiring a consultant who would teach financial issues to the employees at Ben Jerry’s in a playful matter. Another integration problem was that there were a couple duplicate processes that Ben Jerry’s and Unilever both had. These processes produced inefficiencies that took place in the production and distribution of Ben Jerry’s. Because of this, two Ben Jerry’s plants  were closed which resulted in 69 Ben Jerry employees being let go. Even though employees were let go, this was still the best route to go as a company wants to be as lean as possible. There was also a couple integration problems when it came down to corporate policy. Unilever had a policy which disallowed any partisan political actions. Ben Jerry’s didn’t formally have this in their policy. The problem occurred when some of Ben Jerry employees wanted to go to an antiwar demonstration in Washington, D.C. on a bus emblazoned with the Ben Jerry’s name. Because it was against Unilever’s corporate policy, they were unable to go to the antiwar demonstration. When looking at the profit for Ben Jerry’s in the early 2000s, the merger has been quite successful. The impressive results can be seen from the operating margin and profit. The merger seemed to have come at a perfect time for Unilever, as their investors were looking to gain from expansion. A few integration problems arose from the merger. Inefficiencies were eliminated, which in turn caused the company to downsize. Unilever’s non-partisan policy conflicted with Ben Jerry’s socially aware company theme. Even though these problems arose, the merger between the two companies was successful.

Lloyd Jones’ Mister Pip: An Analysis

Lloyd Jones’ Mister Pip: An Analysis The Role of Imagination in Lloyd Jones’  Mister Pip  and Its Analysis In Terms Of Reader-Oriented Criticism The imaginative and creative aspects of literature are essentials components of the word literature itself. Literature is the product of human being’s imagination and intellect so through literature we can live more than one life. Imagination can be expressed as a mental faculty which all people have and as an important principle in literary theory. Only imagination provides the possibility to take us to times, places and realities that we have not lived before.  Lloyd Jones’  Mister Pip  won the Commonwealth Writers’ Prize Best Book Award in 2007 and was shortlisted for the Man Booker Prize. Jones shows us that literature provides an escape from real life through imagination and it also allows entrance to another world escaping from oppressive political regimes in his novel  Mister Pip. In this essay,  Mister Pip  will be analyzed in terms of the role of imagination and reader – oriented criticism. The novel  Mister Pip  by Lloyd Jones is set in the early 1990s on Bougainville Island in the Ocean, in the middle of a civil war. There is a blockade around the island, and the majority of natives and non-natives have gone. The last white man on the island, Mr Watts, has stayed behind with his native wife and he decides to teach the children. The only thing he knows, is Charles Dickens’s  Great Expectations. He reads the novel to them and the children are greatly affected by it. When the children carry on the story to their parents, and soldiers and rebels invade the village, a misunderstanding due to the novel results in the destruction of the village. In  Mister Pip, we can realize that thanks to imagination an author and reader are able to deal with, judge, and enjoy literature. Literary works give the possibility of manifold inner experiences, because imagination enables the author to create and the reader to follow literary realities on different levels. According to Albert Einstein, â€Å"Imagination is more important than knowledge. For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand.† In  Mister Pip, although Mr. Watts has the only textbook which is Dicken’s Great Expectations, he gives his students more than knowledge by showing the true way to reach their imagination. Besides, if we have looked at the Dictionary of Psychology, we actually understand what imagination is. It is â€Å"the reorganization of data derived from past experiences, with new relations, into present ideational experience.† In other words it’s the ability to take old datas with some new datas mixed in and make a picture in your mind. We can divide imagination into three basic types: Imitative imagination, creative imagination and literary imagination. Imitative imagination is apparently the mind’s reconstruction of the past. People use their brains to conceptualize something they have experienced and recreate it. In  Mister Pip, we can illustrate this imitative imagination that when the copy of  Great Expectations  which the only thing that the children have is stolen, the children are invited to recreate the text from the fragments they can remember. On the other hand, creative imagination involves mental imagery, which is based on past images or experiences to construct feelings or conditions that we have never experienced before. The island children discover the Great Expectations by means of Mr. Watts and for them the novel provides an imaginative escape route from their daily realities to a new friend for their adventures and confidences. Moreover, at the end of the novel, Matilda, the protagonist, comments on her life with these following sentences : People sometimes ask me â€Å"Why Dickens?† which I always take to be a gentle rebuke. I point to the one book that supplied me with another world at a time when it was desperately needed. It gave me a friend in Pip. It taught me you can slip under the skin of another just as easily as your own, even when that skin is white and belongs to a boy alive in Dickens’ England. Now if that isn’t an act of magic I don’t know what is. (Jones 199) She reveals her success in becoming a scholar and a Dickens expert and concludes her narrative by emphasizing the power of literature to offer escape and solace in the worst of times.  Great Expectations  has a long-lasting influence on her, and considering the novel as a whole, it is Dickens’ novel that prompts her to look back and write her life story. She also learns that â€Å"escape† can be achieved imaginatively, that one can furnish an alternative world in one’s own mind. Imagination also enables Matilda to learn that things could change and even a person can change into something because literature has a transformative power. Literature of significance says to us, â€Å"Change your life†. An intelligent voice appeals to our way of thinking and feeling and proposes a challenge. How does this affect the possibilities in your life? Steiner (142) remarks on the indiscretion of serious art; it invades our last privacies and exposes our unknown motives and belief. [] When we are emotionally engaged, our minds are more attentive and our opportunity for learning is heightened. Emotions code the information we are receiving and it enters more deeply into our awareness. When we are moved by what we read, we respond, either in thinking, discussions with others, or sometimes in writing our own stories. Our interpretation is a moral act. We find that our response to what is on the page is immediate, no matter how long ago the author laid down her words. With time and experience in reading, we form an intensity of sight, what we might call a literary intelligence.(Susan Barber, 2005) Based on the quotation above, we can grasp this idea that any author and reader can see the literary or possible world in reference to their personal realities by appealing to the imagination. Whether literature works best as an agent for social change or whether it is just entertainment, art is still able to delight us through contact with the author’s creativity and imagination. In addition, Lloyd Jones said in an interview that he chose to introduce it, rather than any other classic novel, because it would be â€Å"the perfect book [†¦] to position in a society that was broken down and [†¦] pulled apart by eternal strife and war. Here is [†¦] the role model, here is the possibil ity for you to think about your own life. You can reinvent yourselves† (Lloyd Jones Podcast) . In  Mister Pip, Matilda realizes that the characters of  Great Expectations  teach her to enter the soul of another, ultimately to imagine and the novel invites her to imagine another life and also Mr. Watts gives his students a friend: Pip and their imagination. At the beginning of the novel, Mr Watts promises that the children get acquainted with Mr Dickens, at the same time he opens up the classroom as a space of ambiguity, a place where he acknowledges differing opinions and the subjectivity of interpretation. He wants to show them that it is possible to change their lives because Pip did it and Mr. Watts did it, too. He intends to give the village children an alternative world to the one they live in: an imaginary world where everything is new and different, as opposed to their own world of constant fear. The children perceive  Great Expectations  with fascination and are open to the idea of the imagination. When the soldiers invade the island and are told that this new world is fictitious, they refuse to believe it because they are far away from this new world. The rebels, all of them teenagers, do not get to listen to  Great Expectations  but Mr. Watts tells them a made-up story about his life acting like Pip, a character of  Great Expectations  although it is fiction, they believe it to be a true story and are fascinated, reacting just like the village children initially reacted to  Great Expectations. All of them perceive it each in their own way. The world depicted in Mister Pip is one of Lloyd Jones’ imagination, because he has never been in Bougainville during the conflict. Moreover, Matilda’s imagination is so powerful that she believes her island will be saved and her life will change like Pip who is her childhood friend, however, when Matilda is a t the university, she reads  Great Expectations  once more but she interprets it quite differently.   Matilda temporarily reinvents herself, by starting a new life in Australia after leaving the island, but at the end of the novel she decides to return home. Her confronting the previous traumas will also be the subject matter of this article. Mr. Watts is somewhat similar to Pip, because he manages to move away from a situation he was unhappy in, and reinvent himself, just like Pip. However, his past continues to haunt him till his death. The novel affects people both positively and negatively. When the redskins have burnt down the village, Mr. Watts tries to comfort the children and himself by telling them that â€Å" we have all lost our possessions and many of us our homes, but these losses, severe though they may be, remind us of what no person can take, and that is our minds and our imaginations’’ (Jones 106). From this it is clear that fiction and the imagination work together to reinvent ourselves. In  Mister Pip,  Mr. Watts reads  Great Expectations  to his pupils in a different way and the characters in the novel understand it in a different way. A literary work can have more than one interpretation and each reader does not interpret in the same way. This is called reader-oriented criticism. According to the nineteenth-century essayist, novelist and literary critic Henry James, â€Å"this house represents the literary form-a story, a novel,a poem,or an essay-with each window being an individual reader’s distinct impression of that literary work†. Each person reads the same text but all will obtain different impression. Reader response criticism declares that the reader is just as much a producer of meaning as the text itself. Reader-response criticism began in the 1960s and 70s, particularly in America and Germany, in works byRoland Barthes, Norman Holland,Wolfgang Iser,Hans-Robert Jauss,Stanley Fish. Wolfang Iser, a German literary scholar, builds a reader oriented theory around the concepts of narrative. According to Iser’s gap theory and Rosenblatts’ transactional theory, no text can exist until either the reader or an interpretive community creates it and gaps mean the absent details and connections within a narrative that a reader must fill in or make up his or her own experiences. Iser also claims that â€Å"the reader is an active, essential player in the text’s interpretation, writing part of the text as the story is read and concretized and, indispensably, becoming its coauthor†. For Rosenblatts, â€Å"the text acts as a stimulus for eliciting various past experiences, thoughts and ideas from the reader, those found in both our everyday existence and in past reading e xperiences. Simultaneously, the text shapes the readers’ experiences by functioning as a blueprint, selecting, limiting and ordering those ideas that best conform to the text†. In this case,  Mister Pip  is an example novel which shows that a reader interprets the text in ways that reveal his or her identity and different readers produce different interpretations and even different texts. With this following quotation, we can openly comprehend that each reader should fill the gaps with his or her interpretation or imagination. Gist. This needed explaining. Mr. Watts put it this way.† If I say tree, I will think English oak, you will think palm tree. They are both trees. A palm and an oak both successfully describe what a tree is but they are different trees.† So this is what gist meant. We could fill in the gaps with our own worlds.(Jones 113) Based on the quotation above, we can realize that Mr. Watts teach to the children how to see and analyze something with their own eyes. An other important literary theorist, Norman Holland points out that the reader makes sense of the text by creating a meaningful unity out of its element. He also claims that if the facts of a text have satisfied the reader’s ego, the reader readily projects her or his fears and wishes onto it. For him, the text frees the reader to reexperience his or her self-defining fantasies and to hold their importance. For example, if we have deeply looked at the novel, we see that through its plot, characters, technical and stylistic preferences, it makes the reader reconsider roles of literature. In The Fictive and the Imaginary (1993), Iser argues that literature has lost the quality to lead and improve the reader because media and schools have imposed established beliefs and fixed thoughts so Iser suggests that fiction and imaginary provides breaking the boundaries and overcoming these fixed ideas. In this following quotation, we can see how fiction and imagination provide a psychological escape from thoughts of daily life in a novel. Mr Watts had given us kids another piece of world. I found I could go back to it as often as I liked. What’s more, I could pick up any moment in the story. No. I was hearing someone give an account of themselves and all that had happened. I was still discovering my favourite bits. Pip in the graveyard surrounded by the headstones of his dead parents and five dead brothers ranked high. We knew about death-we had seen all those babies burried up on the hillside. Me and Pip had something else in common ; I was eleven when my father left,so neither of us really knew our fathers.(25) Dickens’ novel changes the way Matilda perceives her life and her surroundings, lets her to draw parallels between Pip and herself, and provides her with another world to which she can escape. Additionally, literature has the potential to open up our minds, not only to what is but to what could be. Like Iser, Stanley Fish, a contemporary reader oriented critic, argues that meaning inheres in the reader, not the text and the text is tabula rasa and the reader determines the form and content of the text. His theory is radical and controversial. He states that In the procedures I would urge, the readers activities are at the center of attention, where they are regarded not as leading to meaning but as having meaning.† He defends this idea because he believes that there is no stable basis for meaning. There is no correct interpretation that will always be true. Meaning does not exist in the text. It exists, rather, within the reader. From this following quotation, we can co mprehend that Matilda interprets her experiences in the light of reader-response criticism. By now I understood the importance of the forge in the book. The forge was home: it embraced all those things that give a life its shape. For me, it meant the bush tracks, the mountains that stood over us, the sea that sometimes ran away from us, it was the ripe smell of blood I could not get out of my nostrils since I saw Black with its belly ripped open. It was the hot sun. It was the fruits we ate, the fish, the nuts. The noises we heard at night. It was the earthy smell of the makeshift latrines. And the tall trees, which like the sea, sometimes looked eager to get away from us. It was the jungle and its constant reminder of how small you were, and how unimportant, compared to the giant trees and their canopy’s greed for sunlight. [] It was fear, and it was loss. (Jones 46) Based on the quotation above, Jones shows us that Reader-oriented criticism opens a new window to the readers and shows that the subjective experiences and imagination affect readers’ interpretations. We can comprehend from these lines that interpretations of each work change from person to person.   In conclusion,  Mister Pip  is a novel that shows how literature and imagination can change our lives for the better or for the worse. Matilda also shows the reader that it is possible to get lost in a fiction and by means of imagination we can start a new life. In the novel, Lloyd Jones gives us the fact that there is always hope in spite of our bad memories. Through reading we can imagine ourselves into someone else’s life and empathize with them and we start feeling as them, to see the world as they see it. So this essay will be helpful to understand that considering Reader-oriented criticism, everybody has a different interpretation about literary works and also through imagination each work can be invaluable for the reader to guide him/her in the way of life.    Works Cited Barber, Susan. The Importance of Developing the Feeling Function: How  Literature Can Help.  Sfu Ca. Apr 2005. Web. 17 Apr. 2014. Bressler,Charles E..  Literary Criticism.New Jersey:Pearson,2007.Print Daly, Sathyabhama. and Stephen Torre.â€Å"Ecosublimity in Lloyd Jones’s Mister Pip†.  Townswille: James Cook UP,2011.Print. Dickens, Charles.  Great Expectations. New York: Collins Classics,2010. Print.  Jones, Lloyd.  Mister Pip.New Zealand:Penguin,2006.Print. . â€Å"Lloyd Jones Podcast.†Ã‚  Mister Pip – Random House Official Website. Web. 14  Sept. 2010. Audio. 13 Mar. 2014. Klein, Jà ¼rgen. Vera Damm and Angelika Giebeler. â€Å"An Outline of a Theory of Imagination.†Ã‚  Journal for General Philosophy of Science  14,1 (1983): 15-23.JSTOR. Web.10  November 2013. Mazzoni, Giuliana. and Amina Memon. â€Å"Imagination Can Create False Autobiographical  Memories.†Journal of Psychological Science,  14.2 (2003):186-188.  JSTOR. Web.10  November 2013. Quincey, Thomas De.  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The Literature of Knowledge and the Literature of Power.†Ã‚  Essays of  Yesterday and Today. L.Tinker, Harold. London: Macmillan,1934. 617-626. Print Robertson, Ian.  Opening the Mind’s Eye: How Images and Language Teach us How  to See. New York: St. Martin.2002.Print Taylor, Beverly . â€Å"Discovering New Pasts: Victorian Legacies in the Postcolonial Worlds of  Jack Maggs  and  Mister Pip. †Victorian Studies ,52,1,(2009):95-105.JSTOR.Web.11  November 2013. Tompkins, Jane P..Reader Response Criticism:From Formalism To Poststructuralism.  Baltimore:The Johns Hopkins UP, 1980.Print

Heavy Metal Poisoning :: essays research papers fc

Heavy Metal Poisoning Heavy metal poisoning is the toxic accumulation of heavy metals in the soft tissues of the body. Heavy metals are chemical elements that have a specific gravity at least five times that of water. The heavy metals most often implicated in human poisoning are lead, mercury, arsenic, and cadmium. Some heavy metals, such as zinc, copper, chromium, iron, and manganese, are required by the body in small amounts, but these same elements can be toxic in larger quantities. Heavy metals may enter the body in food, water, or air, or by absorption through the skin. Once in the body, they compete with and displace essential minerals such as zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium, and interfere with organ system functions. People may come into contact with heavy metals in industrial work, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and agriculture. Its even possible that children can be poisoned as a result of playing in contaminated soil.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Heavy metal poisoning may be detected using blood and urine tests, hair and tissue analysis, or x rays. In childhood, blood lead levels above 80  µg/dL generally indicate lead poisoning, however, significantly lower levels (>30  µg/dL) can cause mental retardation and other cognitive and behavioral problems in affected children. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention considers a blood lead level of 10  µg/dL or higher in children a cause for concern. In adults, symptoms of lead poisoning are usually seen when blood lead levels exceed 80  µg/dL for a number of weeks. Another important factor is that blood levels containing mercury should not exceed 3.6  µg/dL, while urine levels should not exceed 15  µg/dL. Symptoms of mercury poisoning may be seen when mercury levels exceed 20  µg/dL in blood and 60  µg/dL in urine. An interesting way to test for the amount of mercury in someones system, is to test hair a follicle, and record the levels of mercury in order to gauge the severity of chronic mercury exposure. Furthermore, arsenic is rapidly cleared from the blood. Blood arsenic levels may not be very useful in diagnosis. Arsenic in the urine (measured in a 24-hour collection following 48 hours without eating seafood) may exceed 50  µg/dL in people with arsenic poisoning. If acute arsenic poisoning is suspected, an x ray may reveal ingested arsenic in the abdomen. It is visible because the arsenic appears solid on an x-ray. Arsenic may also be detected in the hair and nails for months following exposure.